Reach Symposium October 10 12 2010 Theme Environment

Reach Symposium October 10 -12, 2010 Theme: Environment, Health and Life Technologies with Minimal Environmental Footprint: Search for Scientific Solutions with Traditional Wisdom Vinod Tare -IIT Kanpur

Condition of Rivers and Lakes Eutrophication December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Ø Ø Ø Causative Agents Solutions Realization – P Ban Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Ø Ø Ø Ozone Hole Causative Agents Solutions Realization – Ban CFCs Sources that harm ozone layer December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Pollutes the Earth and/or Bodies of Water Does Not Expensive Reduce Nutrient Pollution Ø Ø Requires Piped Infrastructure and with the …Is Encourages Unsustainable Water Consumption Concept Facilities “Solution to Pollution is Dilution” Treatment Present Sanitation Model Chemical Fertilizer Water Supply Food Agriculture As organic fertilizer Directly used as soilconditioner Wastewater (Blackwater + Graywater) Ground Water (3%) Wastewater Treatment Plant Untreated Wastewater Composting (2%) Land-Filling (95%) Sludge Partially Treated Effluent POLLUTION December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Surface Water Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 P O L L U T I O Vinod Tare N Vinod Tare Dr Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Thirteen actions must be prohibited on arrival at the sacred water of the Ganga, namely: Defecation, ablutions, ……. . • This doctrine has been misunderstood/inappropriately followed! Brought the concept of BOD/COD limits 30 mg/l/250 mg/l. Legalized defecation in water bodies A Paradigm Shift in Human Excreta Management Practices: Blend of Advanced Technologies with Traditional Wisdom “The illiterate of the 21 st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. ” -Alvin Toffler “Rethinking the Future”

A Paradigm Shift Pay rather than Charge Use Rather than Waste Do business and not only Service December 2008 Briefing on Green 3, Toilets IIT Kanpur. New Delhi Krishi Bhawan, Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Alternative Mode - Eco. San Surface Water Supply Ground Water Food Reuse Agriculture Recycle As Organic Fertilizer Gray water Yellow water Treatment Black water Solid/Fecal Matter December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Recycle Solid-Liquid Separation Composting Liquid Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Treatment Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

A Simple Device December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

A Simple Device: Solid-Liquid Separator December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

The System for the Houseboats December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Start: First Toilet at IITK Campus December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Community Zero Discharge Toilet @ Delhi Gate Police Station - Aligarh The Back End The Front End December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

First Prototype Mounted on SR 08224 December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Zero Discharge Environmental Friendly Toilet Portable Version @ Shopping Centre, IIT Kanpur December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Schematics Representation of a Typical Community Toilet System QEW QFO QEW Flush Water Tank QF QU + QFM QAC Pump Hand/Motor Evaporation & Concentration Liquid/Powder Fertilizer WLoss Fresh Water Tank S–L–S Pump Hand/Motor WS Solid Reactor WS + WR Precomposting WR Filtered Solution Tank Recycle Slurry Tank WExcess Vermicomposting QFR Overflow Collection Tank December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Intermediate Slurry Tank Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 WVC Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Paradigm Shift December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Ø Energy from waste (as electricity from biogas) is waste of energy Ø Use human feces for producing quality Organic Manure than Biogas Ø Get Urea, Ammonia, Potash and Phosphate from Urine than Fertilizer Industries Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

At the Toilet site Transport of Fecal Slurry from the Toilet to the Humanure Plant Back End of the Community Toilet at Aligarh December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Transfer of Fecal Slurry at the Toilet Site Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Treatment Plant or Humanure Plant! Mixing and Pre-composting December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Vermibins Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Excess Source Separated Flush Water • Enhanced Solar Evaporation Pond • Microbial Treatment • Chemical Treatment – Struvite (Ca, Mg) (K, NH 4) (PO 4) Co-precipitation of montgomeryite, brucite, epsomite Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Business! Ø Cleaner Prevent Desertification Water Bodies of Dry Lands and Quality Carbon Fertilizer Credits Even Arrest Climate Changes Plausible Recovery MT Energy Savings MW Equivalent Reduction in CO 2 Emissions (Carbon Credits) MT N 1. 5 2835 9. 2 P 0. 12 172 0. 2 K 0. 75 285 0. 4 3292 9. 8 Total December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Old Cities/Towns – Sewage is a Source of Water, Organics and Nutrients Reuse S Shift: UV PC Wastewater S Disposal to Water Recycle TOWNSHIP MBR Organic Fertilizer S Oxidation of Organics to Sludge Production Vermicomposting S Biogas to Quality Manure Agriculture FOOD Comparison of Nutrient Leakage Nutrient Influent Loading Effluent Loading Proposed Conventional Sludge Nutrient Content Proposed Conventional Kg/d 3336. 00 N December 3, 2008 IITPKanpur 750. 60 2099. 60 517. 50 2620. 60 1236. 40 615. 70 233. 10 Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 715. 40 Tare Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator 134. 90 IIT Kanpur

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment q q High Biomass Growth High F/M ratio Low MLSS Low Oxygen Requirement, Better nutrient capture; Clarification ? Membrane Filtration High MLSS; Membrane Performance at Low MLSS? Subsequent combined composting-vermicomposting of excess biomass to produce good quality organic manure for agricultural use High-Growth Membrane Bioreactor December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Lab-scale high-growth MBR Volume of reactor : 10 L Volume of hopper bottom : 2. 5 L Volume of membrane housing: 7. 5 L 1 aeration tank; 2 sludge zone; 3 sludge waste outlet; 4 flow controller; 5 membrane housing; 6 hollow fibre membrane; 7 suction pump; 8 compressor; and 9 air supply pipe December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Scale-up high-growth MBR 9 6 9 7 6 8 3 8 6 5 4 1 11 10 Volume of aeration tank: 50 L 2 2 3 12 13 Section at A-A: 1 aeration tank (flow channel); 2 motor; 3 pulley; 4 belt; 5 gear box; 6 gear; 7 axle; 8 bearing; 9 rotor; 10 hollow fibre membrane; 11 PVC pipe; 12 vacuum gauge; 13 suction pump December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Paradigm Shift in Wastewater Treatment q q q MLSS Window 1000 - 2500 mg/L High F/M ratio, for better nutrient capture and effluent quality comparable to conventional MBR operation. The activated composting-cum-vermicomposting system potentially converts and recycles sewage sludge into nutrients-rich organic fertilizer Low availability of heavy metals: Ni>Fe>Mn>Pb>Cu≈Co>Cd≈Zn≈Cr>As December 3, 2008 IIT Kanpur Reach Symposium October 10 – 11, 2010 Dr Vinod Tare Project Investigator IIT Kanpur

Thank You !