RD Project for a Sustainable Management of Shoreline

R&D Project for a Sustainable Management of Shoreline and Sea Floor Emiliano Altavilla, Barbara Villani, ARPA ER Roberto Medici, Mauro Molinari, Raffaello Sisto, ENI R&M Ravenna, March 28 2008

WHAT IS THE MATTER? Dredging and displacement of sediments is needed to preserve navigability and to defend the beach from erosion (also by subsidence). Managing large amounts of sediments (often contaminated) is an important environmental issue (destination: landfill, discharge in the sea floor, etc. ). The sediments should be a resource! (Even if they are considered as waste)

Main Objectives • Complete characterization (chemical, mineralogical and eco-toxicological) of sediments in Ravenna harbour, Emilia-Romagna shoreline and Sacca di Goro (near Po river Delta) • To develop at a pilot scale treatment technologies for the sediments to be dredged from Ravenna harbour • Assessment of environmental impact due to sealines • To provide stakeholders of a support decision tool about reuse of sediment to be dredged

Sacca di Goro WHERE? Emilia-Romagna Coast Porto Ravenna Sealines

DELIVERABLES of R&D Project Ø An Environment Impact Assessment of dismissed sealines, already available Ø A protocol for the reuse/valorisation on land or in marine area of dredged sediments or fractions resulting from their treatment, expected in the end of June 2008

LEGAL FRAMEWORK • D. Lgs. 152/06 (TU) - art. 109 “Immersione in mare di materiale derivante da attività di escavo e attività di posa in mare di cavi e condotte” • L. n. 179 del 31/07/2002 –” Disposizioni in materia ambientale” – art. 21 “Autorizzazione per gli interventi di tutela della fascia costiera” • D. M. 367/2003 “Regolamento concernente la fissazione di standard di qualità nell’ambiente acquatico per le sostanze pericolose” (parte relativa ai sedimenti) • D. M. del 24/01/1996 “Direttive inerenti le attività istruttorie per il rilascio delle autorizzazioni ……. . relative allo scarico nelle acque del mare o in ambienti ad esso contigui di materiali provenienti da escavo di fondali di ambienti marini o salmastri o di terreni litoranei emersi, nonché da ogni altra movimentazione di sedimenti in ambiente marino. • D. Lgs. 152/06 (TU) – parte IV titolo V - definizione dei limiti di accettabilità della contaminazione, delle procedure di riferimento per prelievo ed analisi dei campioni, dei criteri di messa in sicurezza, bonifica e redazione dei progetti di bonifica. • D. M. del 5/02/1998 (vigente) – norme tecniche per il recupero di rifiuti non pericolosi come materia

DOCUMENTS FRAMEWORK Studies and regional planning • Programma regionale dei dragaggi dei porti e degli accumuli sabbiosi del litorale emiliano-romagnolo: analisi e indicazioni progettuali per l’utilizzo delle sabbie ai fini del ripascimento delle spiagge” • Individuazione e caratterizzazione delle nuove aree di scarico in mare dei materiali dragati nei porti della Regione Emilia-Romagna • Progetto Sed. Net (rete tematica sui sedimenti) finanziato dalla Commissione Europea. DG Ricerca, - azione-chiave 1. 4. 1 “Riduzione dell’inquinamento idrico provocato da terreni, discariche e sedimenti contaminati” • “Prima campagna di monitoraggio delle aree di scarico in mare dei materiali dragati nei porti regionali e comunali della Regione Emilia-Romagna • Le linee guida per la Gestione Integrata delle zone costiere (GIZC) approvate il 20 gennaio 2005 dal Consiglio Regionale con delibera n. 645 • Protocollo di intesa tra regione Emilia Romagna ed Eni R&M in materia di ricerca intensiva e sperimentazione per una gestione sostenibile delle coste e dei fondali marini antistanti Ravenna e lo sviluppo su scala pilota di criteri di valutazione della qualità dell’ecosistema e degli effetti sullo stesso dei sedimenti contaminati

Project Team: a mix of public authorities, academic / industrial research and international links Regione Emilia-Romagna – Assessorato Ambiente e Sviluppo Sostenibile, Assessorato Difesa del suolo – Direzione generale Attività Produttive, Commercio, Turismo Provincia di Ravenna, Comune di Ravenna e Autorità Portuale di Ravenna Arpa Emilia-Romagna: Emilia-Romagna Strutture tematiche Daphne e Ingegneria Ambientale e Sezioni provinciali di Ravenna, Ferrara Istituto di Scienze Marine del CNR Bologna (ISMAR) Università di Bologna Sezione di Ravenna Centro Interdipartimentale per la Ricerca delle Scienze Ambientali, Università di Brema Department of Geosciences, Sapienza Università di Roma Dipartimento Idraulica, Trasporti e Strade Conseil General du Var – Direction des Ports, Toulon - Francia Eni S. p. A Divisione Refining & Marketing – Monterotondo Research Center

Structure of R&D project According to funding source the project is organized in three subprojects: #1 Studies for the remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments dredged from Ravenna harbour (funded by Eni) #2 Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) (funded by Eni) #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline (funded by CIPE)

Subproject #1: Studies for the remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments dredged from Ravenna harbour Objectives 1. To deeply develop knowledge of physic-chemical characteristics of sediments to be dredged from Canale Candiano 2. To verify at a pilot scale innovative technologies for the treatment of sediments to be dredged from Ravenna harbour, based on integration of grain size classification, solvent extraction, bioremediation, chemical and thermal treatment 3. To assess the potential risks posed by the reuse of such treated sediments 4. To provide the Public Authorities of a decision support tool to improve the management of dredged sediments which evaluates reuse options such as: • inert material for building • backfilling of worked out quarries • beach nourishment

Subproject #1: Studies for the remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments dredged from Ravenna harbour Partners / roles • • Site investigation • Sampling campaign in Ravenna harbour (ARPA Ingegneria Ambientale) Treatment • Technology assessment (Sapienza Università di Roma) • Experimentation on innovative technologies: • soil washing, solvent extraction, bioremediation (Eni R&M Monterotondo Research Center) • phosphatation, thermal treatments (Conseil General du Var) Characterization of Treated and no-Treated Sediments • Chemical analysis (ARPA Ravenna) • Chronic and acute leaching tests (University of Bremen) • Eco-toxicity (ARPA Ferrara) Protocols for sediment reuse (ARPA Ingegneria Ambientale)

Subproject #1: Studies for the remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments dredged from Ravenna harbour

Subproject #1: Studies for the remediation and reuse of contaminated sediments dredged from Ravenna harbour Results • Site Investigation • Assessment of main contaminants and their 3 D distribution • Classification of sediments according to grain size distribution • Treatment technologies • Clean sands, potentially suitable for nourishment, from soil washing • Non Me-leaching materials from phosphatation – calcination (Novosol®) • Clean materials from solvent extraction (Ensolvex®) of sandy sediments containing no metals • Clean materials from landfarming of loamy sediments containing no metals • Characterization running to assess suitability of above materials to different reuse options (beach nourishment, building, backfilling, …)

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) Ø The main aim of the project is to evaluate the impact of the ENI sealines on the marine environment Project targets • • • Prediction study about potential environmental impact due to sealines removal Experimental confirmation that the sealines don’t influence the marine environment and that it’s safe to leave them in situ Better knowledge of the processes involved in an area subjected to antropic pressure

Geographic area and sampling stations along the sealines

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) Multidisciplinary team: Partners / roles Agenzia Regionale Prevenzione e Ambiente (ARPA) Emilia Romagna- Sezioni Daphne, Ravenna e Ferrara: Monitoring campaigns facilities, lab activities: chemical and physical analysis, benthos analysis, ecotoxicity tests Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (Eni) Div. R&M: project management, lab activities: chemical and microbiological analysis, ecotoxicity tests Istituto di Scienze Marine del CNR (ISMAR), Sezione di Bologna : lab activities: chemical physical mineralogic and granulometric analysis of sediments; morphologic investigation of the shoreline, evaluation of sedimentation speed

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) Objectives • Marine ecosystem characterization: specifically addressed to the benthic system and the sediments along the sealines route and the control area (see map) • Prediction study about potential environmental impact due to sealines removal through lab simulations on sediments motion • Identification of the lower environmental impact option: safety setting of the sealines versus their removal Results • At present, the sealines are partially buried up to the bathymetry of 9 meters; elsewhere they rise up to the surface. • The chemical and microbiologic analysis of the sediments sampled along the sealines don’t differ from those of sediments sampled far away (control samples, see map), showing the absence of phenomena related to the presence of the sealines in the area • The presence of contaminant traces in the area is mainly due to the harbour and the presence of ships in the area, and the Po and Fiumi Uniti discharges

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) Results • Ecotoxicologic studies in the area with organisms of various trophic levels (Vibrio fischeri, Artemia salina, Paracentrotus lividus, Dicentrarcus Labrax) highlighted toxicity in the harbour and in the area where the ships are present, not along the sealines • The benthic ecosystem has a good biodiversity rate. In case of sealines removal, the sediments motion would bring about the distruction of the benthos present along the sealines, due to the anoxic conditions created in the sea floor • The sealines, cleared through “pigging” treatment, at present are not source of environmental pollution: an important effect of the sealines removal would be the release of pollutants and nutrients linked to inorganic elements

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) Health state of the Sea basin of Marina di Ravenna (2006) Health state of the sea basin of Marina di Ravenna (2006) related to the Trophic Index values. 5 areas at 0. 5 -18 Km (cod. E 0. 5, E 3, E 6, E 10, E 18) were identified

Subproject #2: Ravenna shoreline and sediment monitoring (Sealines) • In order to onward evaluate the health state of the marine environment in the area of the Sealines, the work evidences it would be worthy a long term monitoring of the area by means of the indicators used for the present study. • The same Institutions that accomplished the present project should be involved in the new project: this partnership would guarantee the success of this task.

Subproject #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline Objectives To assess compliance of dredged sediments with displacements for beach nourishments (coastal erosion and subsidence) or immersion in sea floor To define a range for local (regional) thresholds values and background values To distinguish the source of contamination between Po basin and local contributions To provide Administrators of improved knowledge for sediment managements

Subproject #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline Partners: Ø Arpa Emilia-Romagna (Strutture Tematiche di Ingegneria Ambientale e Daphne, Sezione provinciale di Ravenna e Ferrara) in cooperation with CIRSA – Università di Bologna Main activities: Ø Collection of available data on contamination and source contamination of Ravenna harbour and Sacca di Goro (near delta Po river): georeference of sampling points, sampling activity and chemical, physical, and eco-toxicological analysis Ø Characterization of sediments near regional shoreline: historical data, sampling, analysis, building of database, definition of locals limit and background values

Subproject #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline Coast characterization Length of coast =120 km 40 section of sampling (0, -1, -3, -5 m depth). 5 sub-areas (A-E) Sampling and data set collection in land to obtain Metal background concentrations

Subproject #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline Sacca di Goro South of Po river Delta Characterization of: • harbours • internal channels • mouth of Po di Volano and Po di Goro • sandbar

Subproject #3 Investigation on Emilia Romagna shoreline Results Ø Assessment of the distribution of main contaminants related to their source Ø Proposal for the attribution of local limit values and background values to metals for each sub-area Ø Database containing chemical, physical, microbiological and eco-toxicological data collected since last 10 years from regional coast

CREDITS Ø Ø Ø Ø ENI R&M: Raffaello Sisto, Alessandro Nardella, Roberto Medici, Mauro Molinari UNIVERSITA’: Raffaella Pomi, Enrico Dinelli, Kay Hamer ESPERTI SCIENTIFICI: David Pellegrini, Daniela Rizzitiello, Giuseppe Bortone, Stefano Rolle ARPA E-R: Barbara Villani, Mentino Preti, Daniela Ballardini, Carla Rita Ferrari, Giuseppe Montanari, Patricia Santini, Fernando Gelli, Donatella Palazzi, Emiliano Altavilla REGIONE E-R: Rosanna Bissoli, Andrea Palumbo CGV: Ilaria Tivolle, JL Acqua, Laurent Sannier ISMAR: Franca Frascari

REFERENCES ARPA EMILIA-ROMAGNA Ingegneria Ambientale Ø bvillani@arpa. emr. it Ø ealtavilla@arpa. emr. it