Rayat Shikhan Sansthas S M Joshi College Hadapsar

Rayat Shikhan Sanstha’s S. M. Joshi College, Hadapsar, Pune-28 Sub- Geography of India Sub Topic – Introduction of India By- Mali B. B.

INDIA Mera Bharath Mahaan

The subcontinent of India lies in south Asia, between Pakistan, China and Nepal. To the north it is bordered by the world's highest mountain chain, where foothill valleys cover the northernmost of the country's 26 states. Further south, plateaus, tropical rain forests and sandy deserts are bordered by palm fringed beaches.

v 5, 000 year old civilization v 325 languages spoken – 1, 652 dialects v 18 official languages v 29 states, 5 union territories v 3. 28 million sq. kilometers - Area v 7, 516 kilometers - Coastline v 1, 000, 000 people in 2000

v Parliamentary form of Government v Secular democratic constitution v Worlds largest democracy since 55 years v 4 th largest economy v Fastest growing IT super power v Indian Railways , the biggest employer in the world.

HISTORY

• India's history goes back to 3, 200 BC when Hinduism was first founded. Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism. Judaism. Zoroashtrianism, Christianity and Islam all exist within the country today.

THE TRINITY Generates-Brahma Observes-Vishnu Destroys-Shiva

The Great Indian Epics Ramayana The first Indian epic Mahabharata Longest Epic in world literature with 100, 000 two-line

Indus Valley Civilization- one of the world’s first great urban civilizations. Harappa Civilization- 2700 BC

World’s first university in Takshila – 700 B. C Ayurveda- earliest school of medicine known to humans Sanskrit Language –most suitable for computer software

Yoga- Made in India • Origin – 5000 BC Documented by 200 BC – 300 AD

Origin of Martial arts – 200 BC Kalarippayat

• 1700’s BRITISH INVASION

15 th August , 1947 Indian Independence 26 th January , 1950 Republic- India

National Emblem “Truth alone triumphs”

NATIONAL ANIMAL

National Bird - Peacock •

National Flower - Lotus

Great Indian Personalities

Aryabhatta Invented the Zero

Mahatma Gandhi Father of the nation Embodiment of Non- Violence

Swami Vivekananda Champion of humanitarianism

Ramanujam Great Indian Mathematician Postulated and proved 3, 542 theorems

Rabindranath Tagore 1913 – Nobel Prize in Literature

C. V Raman 1930 - Nobel Laureate in Physics Work on scattering of light and Raman effect

Mother Teresa 1979 – Nobel Prize in Peace

Har Gobind Khorana 1968 - Nobel Laureate in Medicine Work on interpretation of the genetic code

Subramanyan Chandrasekhar 1983 - Nobel Laureate in Physics Work on structure and evolution of stars

DANCE FORMS

45 folk dances

7 Classical Dance forms

7 Classical Dance forms

Bharata Natyam

Kathak

Kathakali

Kuchipudi

Manipuri

Mohini Attam

Odissi

More than 15 vocal forms More than 60 music instruments

India - God’s own country Celebrates more than 65 festivals

Places of historic importance

Tirumala - Tirupati World’s richest temple

Saint Thomas Cathedral Statue of Virgin Mary brought from Portugal in 1543

The Golden Temple

Jamma Masjid The biggest mosque in India

Thousand pillar temple

Gateway of India

Jantar Mantar – 1716 Modernistic structures to observe the movement of stars

Mysore Palace Illuminated by 97, 000 light bulbs

Buddha Statue Largest monolithic statue in Asia

Dal Lake Jewel in the crown of Kashmir

The Taj Mahal

Calcutta – City of joy

Cherrapunji Wettest place on earth

India is, the cradle of the human race, the birthplace of human speech, the mother of history, the grandmother of legend, and the great grand mother of tradition. Our most valuable and most instructive materials in the history of man are treasured up in India only. -Mark Twain We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count, without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have been made. -Albert Einstein

Jai Hind -