RATE OF FLOW OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS BENJAMIN CHUKWURAH
RATE OF FLOW OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS BENJAMIN CHUKWURAH CLASS OF 2019
OBJECTIVES Upon completion of this lecture, students should be able to • Perform calculations for adult and pediatric intravenous infusions • Perform rate-of-flow calculations for intravenous fluids
INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS • Intravenous (IV) infusions are sterile, aqueous preparations administered intravenously in relatively large quantities • Most IV infusions are solutions • Infusions may be continuous or intermittent
APPLICABLE EQUATIONS • Infusion time = Volume of infusion (m. L) Flow rate in m. L/hr or m. L/min • Rate of flow (drops/min) = Vol. Infused (m. L) X Drip set (drops/m. L) Time (minutes) • Infusion Rate (m. L/hr)= weight(kg) x Dose(µg, mg, or units/kg/min) x 60 Drug conc. , infusion (mcg, mg, or units/m. L)
EXAMPLE 1 • How many grams of dextrose and sodium chloride are used to prepare a 250 m. L bag of D 5 in ½ NS for IV infusion?
EXAMPLE 2 • A physician orders enalaprilat (VASOTEC IV) 2 mg IVP for a hypertensive patient. A pharmacist delivers several 1 -m. L injections, each containing 1. 25 mg of enalaprilat. How many ml of injection should be administered?
EXAMPLE 3 • Calculate the daily infusion of D 10 W to be administered to a neonate weighing 3 lb. 8 oz. on the basis of 60 m. L/kg/day. (Assume dropper administers 60 drops/m. L)
EXAMPLE 4 • If 1. 0 liter of a parenteral fluid is to be infused over a 12 -hour period using an infusion set that delivers 20 drops/m. L, what should be the rate of flow in drops per minute?
EXAMPLE 5 • A medication order for an intravenous infusion for a patient weighing 110 lb calls for 0. 3 m. Eq of ammonium chloride per kilogram of body weight to be added to 500 m. L of 5% dextrose injection. How many milliliters of a sterile solution containing 100 m. Eq of ammonium chloride per 20 m. L should be used in preparing the infusion?
EXAMPLE 6 • Gentamycin sulfate, 2. 5 mg/kg is prescribed for a 1. 5 kg neonate. Calculate the dose of the drug? When drug is placed in a 50 m. L IV bag, the flow rate in m. L/min, if the infusion is to run for 30 min
EXAMPLE 7 • Ten(10) milliliters of 10% calcium gluconate injection and 10 m. L of multivitamin infusion are mixed with 500 m. L of a 5% dextrose injection. The infusion is to be administered over 5 hours. If the dropper in the venoclysis set calibrates 15 drops/m. L, at what rate, in drops per minute, should the flow be adjusted to administer the infusion over the desired time interval?
EXAMPLE 8 • A medication order calls for 1000 m. L of D 5 W to be administered over an 8 -hour period. Using an IV administration set that delivers 10 drops/m. L, how many drops per minute should be delivered to the patient?
EXAMPLE 9 • An IV infusion contains 10 m. L of a 1: 5000 solution of isoproterenol hydrochloride and 500 m. L of a 5% dextrose injection. At what flow rate should the infusion be administered to provide 5µg of isoproterenol hydrochloride per minute, and what time interval will be necessary for the administration of entire infusion?
EXAMPLE 10 • An order for a patient with a 3 -liter daily IV fluid limit, calls for 3 L of D 5 W with a 100 m. L IVPB antibiotic to be run-in alone over a 1 -hour period and administered every 6 hours. • The administration set is calibrated to deliver 10 drops per milliliter. Calculate: • (a) the flow rate of the IVPB antibiotic, (b) the total flow time of the IV antibiotic (c) the total volume for the IV antibiotic, (d) the total flow time for the D 5 W, (e) the total volume for the D 5 W (f) The flow rate for the D 5 W
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