Rapid CPVCCVGiardia Ag Bionote Marketing team CONTENTS 01
Rapid CPV/CCV/Giardia Ag Bionote Marketing team
CONTENTS 01 Canine Parvovirus 02 Canine Coronavirus 03 Giardia
Canine Parvovirus • Canine Parvovirus (CPV) - Highly contagious to dog Spread by direct or indirect contact with their feces Vaccines can prevent this infection Mortality can reach 91% in untreated cases. Treatment often involves veterinary hospitalization. • Clinical signs of CPV infection - Incubation period : 3 -7 days - Lethargy, vomiting, fever, bloody diarrhea - WBC↓, compromised intestinal lining, endotoxemia
Canine Parvovirus • Relation of CPV titer and antibody 10000 HI Titer 8 TCID 50 Feces virus titer of symptomatic dogs 7 Virus specific antibody titer symptomatic dogs 6 1000 5 Ab 640 4 serum fecal 100 3 Serum virus titer of symptomatic dogs 2 70 1 10 0 0 1 Serum virus titer of asymptomatic dogs 2 3 4 Feces virus titer of asymptomatic dogs 5 6 7 Virus specific antibody titer of asymptomatic dogs
Canine Parvovirus • Diagnosis of CPV infection - ELISA / HA test / electron microscopy : Detection of CPV 2 in the feces PCR (less virus is detectable) Immunochromatography Confused with coronavirus or other forms of enteritis Clinical signs, age, vaccination, CBC, etc. are considered - Survival rate depends on how quickly CPV is diagnosed (Rapid diagnosis in hospital)
Canine Parvovirus • Treatment of CPV infection - Extensive hospitalization : severe dehydration, potential damage to the intestines and bone marrow - Crystalloid IV fluids and/or colloids (e. g. , Hetastarch) - Antinausea injections (antiemetics) - Broad-spectrum antibiotic injections - Blood plasma transfusion - Concurrent infections with bacteria, parasites, and canine coronavirus increase a dog's risk of severe infection.
Canine Coronavirus • Canine Coronavirus (CCV) - Highly contagious intestinal disease - Spread through the feces of infected dogs - CCV invades and replicates in the villi of the small intestine • Clinical signs of CCV infection - Incubation period : 1 -3 days - Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea - Various clinical signs (Serious gastrointestinal dz, very mild or w/o symptoms)
Canine Coronavirus • Sero-positive to CCV (USA) - Sero-positive rate of CCV - Open population : avr. 13% Kennelled population : avr. 33%
Clinical significance of CCV • Clinical significance of CCV - Main target region of CPV and CCV - CCV : epithelial cells on the villi tips CPV : epithelial cells in the intestinal crypts
Canine Coronavirus • Concurrent infection of CPV and CCV - Concurrent infection cause much more severe disease - CCV infection of the intestinal villi makes the cells more susceptible to CPV infection. - In case of concurrent infection, the diagnosis of CCV is preceded by that of CPV - Survival rate can be higher, if dogs are treated like CPV infection in advance, when CCV infection is diagnosed.
Canine Coronavirus • Concurrent infection of CPV and CCV - Concurrent infection of CCV with CPV is not uncommon - Dual CCV-CPV infections were identified in 15 -25% of cases of severe enteritis in the USA - Another study showed that CCV was found in 44% of fatal gastro-enteritis cases that were initially identified as only CPV disease
Giardia • Giardiasis - Etiologic agent : G. duodenalis (also known as G. intestinalis, G. lamblia) - One of the protozoan parasites - 7 genotypes of Giardia - Dog (C, D) Cat (F) Human (A, B)
Giardia • Giardia : prevalence & transmission Prevalence § Dogs : 2% ~ 100% in kennels § Cats are less common Transmission § Fecal oral route § 1~2 weeks : complete lifecycle
Giardia • Giardia : clinical findings Mild Asymptomatic Mild Co-infection with other agent Dehydration, Weight loss, Diarrhea Self-limiting Acute diarrhea Severe or chronic S. I diarrhea Severe
Giardia • Giardia : diagnosis - Direct-fecal microscopy - Zinc sulfate flotation - Antigen test
Giardia • Giardia : treatment & prognosis Treatment § Metronidazole (25 mg/kg given orally twice daily for 5 days) § Fenbendazole (50 mg/kg given orally twice daily for 3 to 5 days) § Albendazole (X) Bone marrow toxicosis Prognosis § Usually good
Giardia • Why Giardia should be tested ? 1. Concurrent infection - In the case of CPV, CCV infection, mortality can become higher by the infection of roundworm or protozoan. - Fecal test for giardia, coccidia and nematodes, and consider a parasiticide 2. Differential diagnosis - Treatment is different between virus and parasite infection CPV, CCV Giardia Antigen test Fluid therapy, not sufficient - + Zoonosis control - Sanitary management (Kennel)
CPV/CCV/Giardia • Diagnosis flow of vomiting and diarrhea case CPV Ag testing Positive For prognosis CCV Ag test Positive Poor prognosis Negative CCV Ag testing Giardia Ag testing Positive Good prognosis Treatment Good prognosis
CPV/CCV/Giardia • Rapid CPV/CCV/Giardia Ag - Principle : Immunochromatographic assay Specimen : Canine feces Test time : 5~10 minutes Special Features : - Simultaneous detection of CPV, CCV and Giardia One-step testing procedure : Quick & Accurate High sensitivity and specificity
CPV/CCV/Giardia • Rapid CPV/CCV/Giardia Ag - Test Procedure
Rapid Feli. D-3 Bionote Marketing team
CONTENTS 01 Feline Parvovirus 02 Feline Coronavirus 03 Giardia
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Etiology - Feline Parvovirus: Very resistant - Persist for 1 year at room temperature in the environment - Canine Parvovirus strains (CPV-2 a, 2 b, 2 c) have been shown to cause a panleukopenia-like illness in domestic cats and larger felids. - Vaccines that contain FPV only provide some protection to cats against disease cause by CPV, but it has been suggested by some authorities that inclusion of CPV-2 c in feline vaccines would broaden and improve the degree of protection provided.
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Transmission - Infected by oro-nasal route by exposure to infected animals, feces, secretions, and contaminated fomites - Virus particles can be shed in the feces of survivors for as long as 6 wk after recovery. - Being highly resistant to inactivation, it can be transported long distances via fomites - Virus may spread transplacentally to cause embryonic resorption, fetal mummification, abortion, or stillbirth.
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Pathogenesis - FPV infects and destroys actively dividing cells (BM, Lymphoid tissues, intestinal epithelium and cerebellum and retina (in very young animals)) - Infection of kittens in the perinatal period may destroy the germinal epithelium of the cerebellum, leading to cerebellar hypoplasia, incoordination, and tremor. - However, most queens passively transfer sufficient antibodies to their kittens to protect them during the period of susceptibility,
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Clinical Findings - Most infections are subclinical - Cats become ill are usually <1 yr old - Peracute cases – may die suddenly with no warning (fading kittens) - Acute cases – fever(40~41. 7°C), depression, anorexia after an incubation period of 2~7 days. Vomiting develops 1~2 days after the onset of fever, diarrhea may present. Extreme dehydration develops rapidly. - Terminal cases – hypothermic and develop septic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Clinical Findings - Physical examination - Depression Dehydration Abdominal pain - Abdominal palpation – may induce immediate vomiting – may reveal thickened intestinal loops and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes - Cerebellar hypoplasia- ataxia and tremors with normal mentation
Feline Parvovirus • FPV - Diagnosis - Lesions - Blunting and fusion of villi may be present Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies are seen only occasionally in formalin-fixed specimens - Presence of leukopenia (50~3, 000 WBC/ul) - Neutropenia is a more consistent finding than lymphopenia - Total WBC counts <2, 000 cells/ul are associated with a poor prognosis. - During recovery, there is typically a rebound neutrophilia with a marked left shift. - Diagnosis can be confirmed using an in-office immunochromatographic test kit for detection of fecal FPV antigen (fecal antigen is detectable only for a short time after infection – false negative results are common)
Feline Coronavirus • Feline Coronavirus (FCo. V) - FCo. V has 2 different forms - FECV (feline enteric coronavirus) FIPV (feline infectious peritonitis virus) - Typically shed in feces by healthy cats and transmitted by the fecal-oral route - The virus is insignificant until mutations cause the virus to be transformed from FECV to FIPV.
Feline Coronavirus • Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV) - Responsible for an infection of the mature gastrointestinal epithelial cells - This intestinal infection has few outward signs, and is usually chronic - Random errors occur in the virus infecting an enterocyte, causing the virus to mutate from FECV to FIPV.
Giardia • Giardiasis - Etiologic agent : G. duodenalis (also known as G. intestinalis, G. lamblia) - One of the protozoan parasites - 7 genotypes of Giardia - Dog (C, D) Cat (F) Human (A, B)
FPV/FCo. V/Giardia Ag • Rapid Feli. D-3 - Principle : Immunochromatographic assay Specimen : Feline feces Test time : 5~10 minutes Special Features : - Simultaneous detection of FPV, FCo. V and Giardia One-step testing procedure : Quick & Accurate High sensitivity and specificity
CPV/CCV/Giardia • Rapid Feli. D-3 - Test Procedure
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