Range extending as a service JeanBaptiste Segard November

Range extending as a service Jean-Baptiste Segard November 2017

A universal choice… X Peak range 2 Daily range

… how does it compare to an EV ? Peak range 3 Daily range

The main issue… 100 k. Wh

… and its consequences for the mass market ! 40 k. Wh battery Usage 100 k. Wh battery Daily usage (98%) Peak usage (2%)

EVs: how much battery is required? Battery utility: • 0 -20 k. Wh : 87 % of all daily usage • +20 k. Wh: +9% • +20 k. Wh: +1, 5% • +20 k. Wh: +0, 5% If 20 k. Wh has a « cost » (or impact) of 1 unit per day of usage: • +20 k. Wh costs 11+1=12 / day • +20 k. Wh costs 12 + 67= 79 /day • +20 k. Wh costs 79+200 = 279 /day • … Potential for widespread electrification of personal vehicle travel in the United States, Zachary A. Needell, James Mc. Nerney, Michael T. Chang and Jessika E. Trancik, MIT , Nature Energy 15 August 2016 The long term limit to battery size isn’t technology, it’s the marginal utility. 6

Demo 3 : o 8 m d 7 e d u. U ’ = ’ v ? 0 M O x _9 5 ch t a h atc m/w W s p t t h ou y. w w w : // t o c. e ub

The proposed Service • • On demand rental Travelling with peace of mind ! Optimal carbon impact London example: – 17 rental points – 9 million people • Paris, Oslo, etc. • 500 km additional range 8 M 25 ULEZ

2030 Vision • Vehicles are clean, connected, autonomous and lean. • Their range is adequate for daily usage. • During long distance trips, a self hitching energy module (a Tender) complements their internal energy storage. 9

The business model Range extending service for EVs Revenues - High client value - Margin protected by patents - Recurring business (“sticky” business) Distribution - Low client acquisition cost (via car dealers) Growth - Scalable business (wireless rental management, passive docking stations) - Variable costs - Global market - Growth >20% for decades 10

Key facts and figures Targeting 6 m€ turnover in 2021 2 Launch client Intl. patents granted Strong fundamentals H 2020 SME Phase 2 3 M$ funding Field test 50 cars, 5 Tenders Clients are impatient ! Team of 5 Low burn rate 11

Team Frederic Joint INSA Jean-Baptiste Segard EPFL Hancheng Yang ESIGELEC Hugo Basset Polytechnique Fabrice Viot ESIGELEC Dingjie Ma ESIGELEC 12

Contact Jean-Baptiste Segard jean-baptiste. segard@eptender. com Mobile: +336 09 26 Land line: +331 82 72 60 23 EP Tender Technoparc 22 rue Gustave Eiffel 78300 Poissy France www. eptender. com www. facebook. com/eptender

Appendix

What do mathematics tell us? Two variables: • Battery capacity • Charging power Seven equations: • Profitable car = small battery • Non subsidized = small battery • Price competitive = small battery • Convenient = very large battery • Convenient = ultra rapid charging • Charging from renewables = slow demandresponse residential charging • Minimized life cycle footprint = small battery And with premium autonomous cars : • Non stop trips = very, very large battery • No time wasted = hyper rapid charging 7 equations, 2 variables : no solution. This isn’t a technological problem.

A classic solution: solving two independent sub-problems Power bank for occasional long distance • Rex, battery, fuel cell, inductive charging • On demand rental Peak range • • • Vehicle optimized for 98% of usage 15 -60 k. Wh battery depending on segment Mostly residential charging Daily range

What do Economics tell us ? Marginal utility Marginal cost Marginal utility, marginal cost and resulting marginal demand of any product High demand Low demand No demand Quantity

Low marginal utility of long range Marginal utility Marginal cost Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle Electric Vehicle Very long range is easy 100 200 300 500 Range (km) Very long range is impossible 1000 100 200 300 500 Range (km) 1000