Ranching Farming A New Century Texas History Chapters
- Slides: 28
Ranching & Farming, A New Century Texas History, Chapters 18 and 20
Spanish Introduce Cattle u The first cattle brought to America arrived on the ships of Spanish explorers in the 1500 s.
Spanish Bring Horses u Mustangs: Small, hardy horses descended from horses brought by the Spanish
Early Ranchers u Vaqueros, or cowhands, herded and drove cattle u Mexican American vaqueros were found on South Texas ranches
Early Ranchers u Open Range: public land that could be used by anyone u Before the Civil War, most cattle lived on the open range and were slaughtered for their hides
King Ranch u Richard King bought the Santa Gertrudis, old Spanish land grant on the southern Gulf Coast u King Ranch became one of the largest in Texas
Trail Drives u Cattle were driven, or moved, in large herds to railroad towns to find better markets
Trail Drives u Livestock were kept at stockyards, or holding pens, in major railroad towns of Chicago and St. Louis
Major Cattle Trails u Sedalia Trail ran between Texas and Sedalia, Missouri u Missouri farmers complained that cattle destroyed their crops; farmers blocked trails by building fences and barricades
Major Cattle Trails u Joseph Mc. Coy persuaded railroads and cattle drovers to meet further west to avoid Missouri
Major Cattle Trails u Drovers used the Chisolm Trail through Austin, Waco and Fort Worth to avoid Missouri u Chisolm Trail was named after Jesse Chisolm, a Native American trader
Major Cattle Trails u Goodnight- Loving Trail was used to move cattle west to the ranges of New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming and Montana
Life Along the Trail u Wrangler’s job was to take care of the horses
Life Along the Trail u Cowhands took turns “riding herd” at night, standing guard to prevent stampedes or raids by Native Americans or rustlers
Life Along the Trail u Few battles with Native Americans: drovers had to pay tolls to cross the Indian territory
Big Ranches u After the buffalo were wiped out and Native Americans were removed from the Plains, West Texas and the Panhandle became open to ranchers
Big Ranches u Thomas Bugbee founded the Shoe Bar Ranch, one of the most famous of the large ranches u The invention of barbed wire ended the open range
Big Ranches u Ranchers began enclosing their lands, cutting off the water supply to other ranchers’ herds u Windmills pumped water from wells, making fenced pastures possible.
Big Ranches u Cattle were branded to show ownership u Ranchers often branded their cattle with their initials u Ex: JA ranch in Palo Duro Canyon belonged to John Adair
Decline of Ranching u Severe blizzards and long droughts in the 1880 s led to a decline in cattle ranching u Too many cattle meant rangelands were overgrazed and cattle prices fell
Sheep Industry u After the Civil War, a growing demand for wool brought even more sheep ranchers to Texas
Cultures Meet in Ranch Country u Mexican American vaqueros were found on South Texas ranches u Most shepherds were Mexican Americans
Cultures Meet in Ranch Country u African Americans were cowhands and trail bosses u Women also settled the frontier and built ranches
A New Century u By 1900, Dallas had emerged as the major city in central Texas.
Texas Gold u The discovery of a major oil deposit changed the economy of Texas and the U. S. u Gusher at Spindletop began the oil boom in Texas
Spindletop u 1901: oil field near Beaumont produced four times as much oil as had been produced by ALL Texas oil wells the previous year
Boomtowns u Populations of Beaumont and Humble grew practically overnight u Humble Oil Company later became the multinational corporation known as Exxon-Mobil
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