Railway Infrastructure and Train Control presented to CE

Railway Infrastructure and Train Control presented to - CE 433 University of Kentucky Raymond J Rumsey, PE Assistant VP C&S Norfolk Southern Railway October 24, 2012

OUTLINE Purpose of signal systems Blocks Track Circuits-insulated rail joints, relays, shunt Fixed Signals Automatic Block signals

OUTLINE Interlocking Control Points Switches, crossover, diamond and trackwork Detectors Next generation train control – PTC

SIGNALS AND TRAIN CONTROL SAFELY MAXIMIZE TRACK UTILIZATION

SIGNAL SYSTEMS Locate Trains Control & Verify Switch Position Control & Verify Signal Position Inform Motorists Inform Other Trains Highway Crossing Warning Lock Switches and Signals Block Signals Inform Trains Interlocking

SIGNALS The signal system is set up in blocks. Limits defined by insulated joints Based on the track circuit Rails Battery Relay

INSULATED RAIL JOINTS Insulated joints are the means by which a track circuit is limited or defined. The insulated joint prevents current from flowing between the adjacent ends of two adjoining rails.

There are different kinds of insulated joints, made out of different materials but the concept is the same. The joint bars are metal. They are insulated from the rail wherever there is contact by pieces of insulation. The pieces of insulation are head and base pieces.

RELAYS

SHUNT A device which allows an electrical current to pass around another point in that circuit. A shunt is also a wire consisting of two metal "C" clamps which complete an electrical circuit between rails, simulating track occupancy during banner checks.

FIXED SIGNAL A signal of fixed location indicating a condition affecting the movement of a train or engine.

SIGNALS Position Light Signal Color Position Light Signal

SIGNALS – POWER CONSIDERATIONS

SIGNAL ADDITIONS Number Plate Letter Plate Flashing Light Semaphore Arm

AUTOMATIC BLOCK The block signal automatically indicates track condition and block occupancy.

CAB SIGNALS A signal located in the operating compartment of the controlling locomotive indicating track occupancy or condition

INTERLOCKING An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence. They are found at a crossing of two railroads, a drawbridge, a junction, or entering or leaving a terminal or yard.

INTERLOCKING An arrangement of signals and signal appliances so interconnected that their movements must succeed each other in proper sequence. They are found at a crossing of two railroads, a drawbridge, a junction, or entering or leaving a terminal or yard.

CONTROLLED POINT A station designated in the timetable where signals are controlled from the control station

CONTROLLED POINT A control point can define the limits of a junction of separate lines.

SWITCHES Switch and turnout are the terms used to describe the arrangement of rails that allows junctions to be made in the track. Turnout is commonly used by track engineers, while switch is more common among signal employees.

CROSSOVER Two turnouts in which the track between the frogs is arranged to form a continuous passage between two nearby and generally parallel tracks.

DIAMOND An intersection of two sections of track. The term refers to the diamond shape the four connected frogs make when one track crosses another

FROG Term for the track component of a crossover or a diamond which allows the wheel flanges ways to cross diverging tracks.

HAND-THROW SWITCH

DUAL CONTROLLED SWITCH A power operated switch that is also equipped for hand-throw operation.

SWITCH GAP The term used to describe the space between the switch point and the rail that allows the wheels of the rolling equipment to travel the route for which the switch is lined.

SPRING SWITCH A switch equipped with a spring mechanism arranged to restore the points to normal position after having been trailed through.

TRAILING POINT MOVE The movement of a train over the points of a switch which face the direction in which the train is moving.

ELECTRIC SWITCH LOCK Their function is to keep unauthorized people from tampering with equipment and to keep a train on a siding or spur from pulling out on the mainline in front of an oncoming train.

ELECTRIC SWITCH LOCK When a train wants to come out of the siding, the trainman activates the ESL. Once the ESL is activated, the protecting signals for the siding turn red. At the same time, the timing device electronically associated with the ESL is activated. A set amount of time has to elapse before the trainman complete the operation to unlock switch points.

UNUSUAL OCCURRENCE DETECTORS These devices can be connected to or a part of the signal system. Their purpose is to detect unusual occurrences on the rail. They include: Dragging Equipment / Hot Box / Hot Wheel Detector High water detectors Slide fences Earthquake detectors Remote control locomotive zone limiting devices Slump / Ballast Movement / Slide / Avalanche Detectors High/Wide Load Wheel Impact Load Detector Scour Detectors

HOT BOX DETECTOR A heat sensitive device installed along railroad main line track at strategic locations for measuring the relative temperatures of passing journal bearings

SLIDE FENCE Part of a railway signaling system, a slide fence is a fence whose purpose is to prevent trains from being derailed by rock slides in mountainous areas where rock slides may occur without warning.

DERAIL A track device designed to guide equipment off the rails at a selected location as a means of protection

FIRST CAME THIS Collision of Metrolink Train 111 with Union Pacific Train LOF 65– 12 Chatsworth, California, September 12, 2008 Roadway Workers Struck by Amtrak Acela Train 2154, Providence, Rhode Island, March 13, 2008 Rail Grinder Derailment on Union Pacific Railroad, Baxter, California, November 9, 2006 Derailment of CSX Transportation (CSX) freight train Q 380 -09 in Painesville, Ohio, October 10, 2007 Collision of Amtrak Passenger Train 371 and Norfolk Southern Railway Company Freight Train 23 M Chicago, Illinois, November 30, 2007 Passenger Fatality on Long Island Rail Road, Queens, New York, August 5, 2006, (DCA-06 -FR-009) BNSF Railway Company Remote Control Locomotive Switching Operation Fatality Stockton, CA August 30, 2007 Derailment of CSX Transportation Train No. Q 39010, Oneida, New York, March 12, 2007 Collision of Two Union Pacific Railroad Trains, Bertram, California, November 10, 2007 Derailment of Norfolk Southern Railway Company Train 68 QB 119 with Release of Hazardous Materials and Fire New Brighton, Pennsylvania October 20, 2006 Collision of Two Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority Trains, Abington, PA, July 1, 2006 Collision of Norfolk Southern Freight Train 192 With Standing Norfolk Southern Local Train P 22 With Subsequent Hazardous Materials Release at Graniteville, South Carolina, January 6, 2005 Just some highlights…. .

NEXT GENERATION TRAIN CONTROL - PTC Locomotive centric train control system with: Onboard (on the locomotive) equipment Wayside signal equipment Communications (data) Back office servers

WHAT DOES A PTC SYSTEM DO? Delivers movement authorities to onboard display Uses track data, GPS and locomotive systems to identify location and track elements Warns train operators of unsafe operations Automatically enforces movement authorities and speed restrictions, and Sends thousands of messages across a secure, reliable communication system

What Does PTC Do- Electronic Delivery The Track Database, Train Clearance, Bulletins and Track Authorities are sent electronically for display to the engineer. This data is used by PTC to generate Warnings and Enforcement. GPS TRAIN DATA I-ETMS BOS TRAIN DATA CAD ACKNOWLEDGEMEN T PASSING SIDING 39 WORK ZONE 25 MPH INDUSTRY SIDING

PTC SEGMENTS Wayside Segment Office Segment Dispatch PTC Back Office Server Message Router Monitored Control Points Monitored Switches Asset Tracking System Communications Segment Locomotive Segment Other Monitored Devices

PTC COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

PTC RADIOS Locomotive Radio 74 VDC / 50 W Base Radio 24/48 VDC / 75 W Wayside Radio 12 VDC / 30 W

GIS FORPTC Critical Features • Signals • Points of Switches • Clearance Points • Mile Markers • Limits of Road Crossings at Grade • Limits of Permanent Speed Restrictions • Sign locations + 200 attributes of these and other features NS

Where Is PTC Going? Per the FRA approved PTCIP, NS will need to deploy PTC on 10, 904 miles of its railroad All main lines Ø Carrying > 5 MGT traffic, any amount of TIH* Ø Over which any passenger or commuter travels * TIH traffic 2012 NPRM 44 NS Internal

COST Railroad PTC investment through 2011 ARR $29, 000 BNSF $482, 481, 000 CN $43, 435, 000 CP $37, 000 CSX $333, 000 KCS $32, 500, 000 NS $265, 000 UP $335, 000 Total $1, 557, 416, 000 ated m i t s E tal o t B $13 $20 cost to RR for every $1 safety benefits Alternative risk reduction: Areas ripe for benefits at lower costs v Track caused accidents account for 34% of mainline accidents v Equipment caused accidents account for 26% of mainline accidents

RR INDUSTRY – WHY PTC? A BNSF coal train collided with the rear end of a standing BNSF MOW train near Red Oak, Iowa. Both the engineer and conductor of the coal train were fatally injured. Contributing to the accident was the absence of a positive train control system that identifies the rear of a train and stops a following train if a safe braking profile is exceeded. "Humans are fallible and make mistakes and operational accidents can be prevented with positive train control, " NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman said.

QUESTIONS? Railway Infrastructure and Train Control presented to - CE 433 University of Kentucky