Railcar 101 The Basics of Railcars Car Types

Railcar 101 The Basics of Railcars: Car Types, Components and Rules Overview and Basics Ken Henman May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 1

The Cost of Railcar Maintenance n *According to the Surface Transportation Board 2004 Railway Operating Expenses Annual Report the Class I railroads spent $1, 145, 888, 000 on freight car repairs and maintenance q $305, 898, 000 was for repairs billed to others *2004 STB Form R-1 Schedule 410 May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 2

Why Do You Need to Manage Railcar Maintenance? n Regulatory requirements for U. S. freight cars q q Federal Railroad Administration Association of American Railroads May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 3

Why Do You Need to Manage Railcar Maintenance? n n n This is purely “Corrective Maintenance” to your equipment per the FRA and AAR Rules The current hourly rate for repairs done by railroads is $94. 81 But Class I railroads are in the transportation business, not the repair business May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 4

A Shift in Ownership and Maintenance Responsibilities n n In the past everyone called them “railroad” cars Ownership of today’s railcar fleet has shifted to private car owners q *As of January 1, 2007 freight car ownership by Class I railroads is only 35. 3% of all freight cars in U. S. n n n *1, 346, 507 Freight cars in service, all U. S. owners *475, 415 Freight cars in service, Class I railroads Railroads have encouraged customers into ownership of railcars in exchange for reduced freight rates *AAR Policy & Economics Dept, 1/15/2008 May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 5

The Standards by Which Railroad Cars Must Be Maintained n n The AAR Equipment Engineering Committee, which is made up primarily of railroad officials, sets the mechanical requirements for cars in interchange service Car owners are required to maintain their equipment to this standard May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 6

The Future and Why You Need to Manage Railcar Maintenance? n A change of philosophy q n As far as the railroads are concerned equity interests and financial liabilities no longer need to be balanced against railroad operating efficiencies and/or capital improvements A new plan q q Implementation of Advanced Technology Safety Initiative A proactive approach and opportunity to perform railcar maintenance for car owners May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 7

The Future and Why You Need to Manage Railcar Maintenance? n n n Owners who ignore the trends in today’s industry do so at their own peril Again- The current hourly rate for repairs done by railroads is $94. 81 Thus the need for proactive maintenance management May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 8

Industry Terminology n n n AAR (Association of American Railroads)- Association made up of railroads AAR Field Manual- The AAR Interchange Rules which specify inspection, repair and handling requirements of interchange freight cars AAR Office Manual- The AAR Interchange Rules which specify labor and material pricing, sale, acquisition and settlement for interchange freight cars ABD- Acoustic Bearing Detectors ATSI- Advanced Technology Safety Initiative Bad Order Car- An interchange freight car which is in need of mechanical attention May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 9

Industry Terminology n n n BRC (Billing Repair Card)- Detailed repair record/invoicing CBA (Counter Billing Authority)- A document that issues authorization to collect or deduct an overcharge from a bill Contract Shop- A repair facility designated by car owner to perform repairs Data Exchange System- The AAR’s system of collecting, sorting, analyzing and distributing freight car repair information Defect Card- A document accepting responsibility for damage to an interchange freight car May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 10

Industry Terminology n n n Delivering Line- Subscriber offering a freight car in interchange Depreciated Value- The reproduction value of a freight car adjusted for depreciation up to the date of damage according to AAR rule 107 Early Warning- A directive issued by the AAR for interchange freight cars having mechanical defects or potential safety problems EHMS- Equipment Health Management System Foreign Car- Any car not owned by the subscriber May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 11

Industry Terminology n n Foreign Repair- Any repair performed to an interchange freight car by a company other than the car owner or owner’s agent (contract shop repairs) FRA- Federal Railroad Administration Handling Line- The railroad of record having possession of the interchange freight car Home Shop- A repair facility designated by the car owner May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 12

Industry Terminology n n Interchange Service- A freight car placed in the North American interchange system that meets all interchange requirements Inte. RRIS- Integrated Railway Remote Information Service Jacking- Raising the car body by any means necessary to safely accomplish repairs Job Code- A four digit number that identifies the inspection, repair or testing performed on the car component applied or removed May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 13

Industry Terminology n n n JIC (Joint Inspection Certificate)- A document detailing unfair usage damage or loss or extensive owner’s defects as outlined in AAR Rules 95, 108 and 103 Maintenance Advisory- An informational notice issued by the AAR for cars having minor mechanical defects or which preventative/corrective maintenance is to be performed Opportunistic Repair- Specific authorized repairs identified in Section A of any AAR Interchange Rule May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 14

Industry Terminology n n n Private Car Owner- Any non-railroad owner of an interchange freight car Private Marked Cars- An interchange freight car registered in the Umler file with stenciled reporting marks assigned by the AAR ending with the alpha character “X” Railroad Marked Cars- An interchange freight car registered in the Umler file with stenciled reporting marks assigned by the AAR ending with the alpha character other than “X” May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 15

Industry Terminology n n n Running Repair- Any repair performed to an interchange freight car according to AAR Interchange Rules Service Interruption- A train delay that is caused by a specific AAR condemnable defect that causes a delay on the line of the road THD- Truck Hunting Detector TPD- Truck Performance Detector Universal Machine Language Equipment Register (Umler)- A computer file which contains specific details such as internal and external dimensions WILD- Wheel Impact Load Detector May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 16

Concept of AAR Rules “The Association of American Railroads has played a continuous role in developing and maintaining a comprehensive set of industry rules and standards aimed at ensuring a safe and efficient freight rail network in North America” *Safety, Interchangeability Go Hand-in Hand, Railway Age, July 2000, Pat Ameen, Association of American Railroads May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 17

Concept of AAR Rules ”AAR's Rules of Interchange, commonly known as the "Field Manual" and "Office Manual, " provide a common set of mandatory practices for the proper handling of interchange freight traffic. ” *Safety, Interchangeability Go Hand-in Hand, Railway Age, July 2000, Pat Ameen, Association of American Railroads May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 18

Concept of AAR Rules ”These rules include the basic mechanical requirements, conditions governing delivery and acceptance, responsibility for unfair usage/damage, disposition of defective equipment, and a requirement that cars be equipped with AAR approved components that affect car interchangeability. The AAR Interchange Rules prescribe standard repair practices, define the cost recovery procedure, and include an arbitration process. ” *Safety, Interchangeability Go Hand-in Hand, Railway Age, July 2000, Pat Ameen, Association of American Railroads May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 19

Concept of AAR Rules n In essence the Rules provide safe seamless railcar interchange throughout the North American rail system, outlining responsibilities for mechanical condition while setting equal standards for all equipment providers *Safety, Interchangeability Go Hand-in Hand, Railway Age, July 2000, Pat Ameen & David Meeks May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 20

Field Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Rule A q n Rule B q n Qualifies the standards for component manufacturer and reconditioning Rule 1 q n Outlines the Rules, responsibilities and who must subscribe Care of Freight Cars, Inspection, repairs to foreign cars, disposition for unacceptable cars, gages and publications required and car classification Rules 3 – 82 q Specific to components and repairs, Air Brakes through Welding n n n n May 21, 2008 A. Cause for Attention B. Correct Repairs C. Reconditioning Requirements D. Welding Requirements E. General Information F. Billing Repair Car Requirements Job Codes DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 21

Field Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Rule 83 q q q n Rules 84 and 85 q n Use of Advertisements and Routing Cards and Furnished Material Rules 88, 89 and 90 q q n Preparation of Repair Records Car Part Codes Why Made Codes Responsibility Codes Car Symbols Repair Facility Symbol Mechanical Requirements for Acceptance Conditions Governing Delivery and Acceptance Acceptable in Interchange Cars and/or Car Parts Prohibited In Interchange Rule 91 q Service Interruption May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 22

Field Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Rule 92 q n Rule 95 q n Cars Requiring Extensive Repairs Rule 120 q n Handling of Damaged or Destroyed Equipment Rule 108 q n Defect Cards and Joint Inspection Certificates Rule 107 q n Owners Responsibility Rules 102 and 103 q n Handling and/or Delivering Line Responsibility Rule 96 q n Transfer or Adjustment of Lading Rule Compliance and Enforcement Appendix A – H q Various definitions, specifications May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 23

Office Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Price Matrix q Qualifies every Job Code for n n n n Why made Responsibility code Condition code Material value Labor time standard and labor value Applicable credits Provides information concerning specific Job Codes not covered in the Field Manual Rule 88, Mechanical Requirements For Acceptance q Specifies the requirements for new, newly acquired, rebuilt, modified, increased gross rail load, extended service status, increased life status and the documentation required for all rail equipment in interchange service May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 24

Office Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Rule 93 q n Rule 94 q n Joint Inspection Certificate, format and procedures Rule 107 q q n Defect Card procedures Rule 103 q n Equipment Health Management System - EHMS Rule 102 q n Train II and UMLER Reporting Procedures, Equipment Management Information System - EMIS Handling of Damaged or Destroyed Equipment Disposition/Settlement, depreciated value or settlement value Rule 111 q Car repair pricing procedures, basis for labor and material values May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 25

Office Manual of the AAR Interchange Rules n Rule 112 q n Rule 113 q n Revision of Rules and participation in “AAR Interchange Agreement” Rule 125 q n Arbitration and Rules Committee, Interpretation and Settlement of Disputes Rules 123 and 124 q n AAR Rule Compliance and Enforcement, covers inspections and investigations Rules 121 and 122 q n Data Exchange Rule 120 q n Car repair billing requirements and procedures, invoicing and auditing Early Warning/Maintenance Advisory System Appendix A – H q Definitions and procedures May 21, 2008 DTE Rail Services, Inc. Railcar 101 26