RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6

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RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6 May 08 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN

RAFT Radar Fence Transponder Mission Completion Review 6 May 08 Bob Bruninga, CDR USN (ret) MIDN 1/C David Koeppel MIDN 1/C Brent Kolb MIDN 1/C Jeff Robeson MIDN 1/C Kyle Vandegriff

Key Milestones: Schedule ü ü ü RAFT Kickoff USNA SRR PDR ü RAFT Phase

Key Milestones: Schedule ü ü ü RAFT Kickoff USNA SRR PDR ü RAFT Phase 0/1 Safety Ø RAFT Phase 2 Safety u RAFT CDR • RAFT Flight Unit Testing • RAFT Phase 3 Safety u u u May 2008 RAFT Delivery/Install RAFT Flight (STS-116) De-Orbit Apr Sep 19 Nov 04 04 04 23 Feb 05 July Dec 30 May 06 06 07 16 Dec 04 10 Feb 05 26 Jan 22 Feb RAFT Mission Summary 05 06 2

Mission: So Many. CUBEsats 30 to 50 in Construction How to Track ? ?

Mission: So Many. CUBEsats 30 to 50 in Construction How to Track ? ? ? AIAA/USU Small Sat Conference 30% of papers were for PICO, NANO and CUBEsats All smaller than 10 cm May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 3

Mission Statement u To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a

Mission Statement u To provide the Navy Space Surveillance (NSSS) radar fence with a means to determine the bounds of a constellation of Pico. Sats otherwise undetectable by the radar fence u To enable NSSS to independently calibrate their transmit and receive beams using signals from RAFT. u This must be accomplished with two Pico. Sats, one that will actively transmit and receive, and one with a passively augmented radar cross-section. u u Additionally, RAFT will provide experimental communications transponders for the Navy Military Affiliate Radio System, the United States Naval Academy’s Yard Patrol crafts, and the Amateur Satellite Service. RAFT 1 Education for 16 Astronautics Majors Senior projects Robeson, Paquette (06) - Orloff, Kinzbrunner, and Rose(05) - Baker, Tuttle, Colvin (04) Abbott, Atwater, Brandt, Hansen, Mc. Lean(03). And 3 in (02) May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 4

NSSS Radar Fence May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 5

NSSS Radar Fence May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 5

NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W) u Horizon to Horizon down only -6 d. B

NSS Radar Fan beam (E/W) u Horizon to Horizon down only -6 d. B May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 6

NSS Fan Beam N/S u Only 0. 8 degrees North/South May 2008 RAFT Mission

NSS Fan Beam N/S u Only 0. 8 degrees North/South May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 7

-12 d. Bm at 1000 km May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 8

-12 d. Bm at 1000 km May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 8

XP-217 Radar Fence Transpopnder Design a very small receiver for the NSSS Radar suitable

XP-217 Radar Fence Transpopnder Design a very small receiver for the NSSS Radar suitable for a cubesat u Include an Oscillator for NSSS to hear us. u Northeastern University GSI Lumonics May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 9

May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 10

May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 10

RAFT 1 Mission Architecture May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 11

RAFT 1 Mission Architecture May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 11

RAFT Block Diagram May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 12

RAFT Block Diagram May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 12

Fail-Safe Reset Timer u Cold boots CPU if no TLM every minute May 2008

Fail-Safe Reset Timer u Cold boots CPU if no TLM every minute May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 13

Simplified Power System 60 m. A 100 m. A Charge in Parallel and TX

Simplified Power System 60 m. A 100 m. A Charge in Parallel and TX in series Transmit in Series Duty cycle 4% May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 14

RAFT 1 Network Architecture Global Volunteer Ground Station Network Internet Linked for live Telemetry

RAFT 1 Network Architecture Global Volunteer Ground Station Network Internet Linked for live Telemetry May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 15

RAFT 1 Mission Architecture APRS Global Packet Radio Network Internet Linked for live Communications

RAFT 1 Mission Architecture APRS Global Packet Radio Network Internet Linked for live Communications May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 16

SCIENCE USNA-0203 Space User Baseline See www. ariss. net PCSAT validates our links APRS

SCIENCE USNA-0203 Space User Baseline See www. ariss. net PCSAT validates our links APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary Vandegriff 17

Military Affiliate Radio System The Mission of the MARS system is to: Ø Provide

Military Affiliate Radio System The Mission of the MARS system is to: Ø Provide auxiliary communications for military, federal and local disaster management officials Ø Assist in effecting communications under emergency conditions. Ø Handle morale and quasi-official communications traffic for members of the Armed Forces and authorized U. S. Government civilian personnel Ø Provide routine operations in support of MARSGRAMS and … contacts between service personnel and their families back home. May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 18

MARScom Mission Architecture Military Affiliate Radio System May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 19

MARScom Mission Architecture Military Affiliate Radio System May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 19

Yard Patrol Craft Application Unique UHFAM Uplink and HF SSB downlink May 2008 RAFT

Yard Patrol Craft Application Unique UHFAM Uplink and HF SSB downlink May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 20

MARScom Block Diagram May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 21

MARScom Block Diagram May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 21

RAFT 1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical May 2008 RAFT

RAFT 1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 22

RAFT 1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical May 2008 RAFT

RAFT 1 and MARScom 5” Cubes 3 Antennas Each Identical Mechanical May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 23

RAFT Deployment Velocity of pair: 1. 8 m/s Velocity of RAFT: 2. 6 m/s

RAFT Deployment Velocity of pair: 1. 8 m/s Velocity of RAFT: 2. 6 m/s Velocity of MARScom: 1. 2 m/s Was 1. 5, 1. 3 & 1. 8 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 24

Flight Model Separation Test May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 25

Flight Model Separation Test May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 25

Mechanical Design May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 26

Mechanical Design May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 26

Raft 1 Electronics Systems TNC May 2008 Interface Brd RAFT Mission Summary 27

Raft 1 Electronics Systems TNC May 2008 Interface Brd RAFT Mission Summary 27

Raft 1 Electronics Systems Transmitter May 2008 Receiver and XP-217 RAFT Mission Summary 28

Raft 1 Electronics Systems Transmitter May 2008 Receiver and XP-217 RAFT Mission Summary 28

RAFT 1 Internal Diagram Top View Ant pocket & Sep SW May 2008 RAFT

RAFT 1 Internal Diagram Top View Ant pocket & Sep SW May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 29

MARS Panels and Boards RCVR Batteries and TX-Interface board May 2008 TNC RAFT Mission

MARS Panels and Boards RCVR Batteries and TX-Interface board May 2008 TNC RAFT Mission Summary 30

Inside View May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 31

Inside View May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 31

Assembly Plan May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 32

Assembly Plan May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 32

GSE Side Panel COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel Covered with Clear Teflon Coating

GSE Side Panel COTS Silicon Cells on PCB panel Covered with Clear Teflon Coating 1. 5 Watt panel Mechanically rugged for rain/hail/birds PCsat Flight Heritage Windup port May 2008 GSE port RAFT Mission Summary 33

Top Panel VHF Antenna holes HF whip hole Pockets for other satellite antennas and

Top Panel VHF Antenna holes HF whip hole Pockets for other satellite antennas and Sep Switch May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 34

Ballast for RAFT 1 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 35

Ballast for RAFT 1 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 35

RAFT 1 Lead Ballast Encapsulated in Kapton tape May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 36

RAFT 1 Lead Ballast Encapsulated in Kapton tape May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 36

RAFT Lifetime Estimate 2. 5 Mo 6. 5 Months May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary

RAFT Lifetime Estimate 2. 5 Mo 6. 5 Months May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 37

Aerospace 5510 RAFT Launcher May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 38

Aerospace 5510 RAFT Launcher May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 38

RAFT Antenna Separation Mechanisms May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 39

RAFT Antenna Separation Mechanisms May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 39

RAFT Antenna Springs May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 40

RAFT Antenna Springs May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 40

RAFT Antenna Springs May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 41

RAFT Antenna Springs May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 41

Long-Wire Antenna ~2. 5” May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 42

Long-Wire Antenna ~2. 5” May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 42

May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 43

May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 43

ANDE/RAFT - USNA Pre-Launch Intgration and Prep May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 44

ANDE/RAFT - USNA Pre-Launch Intgration and Prep May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 44

RAFT microgravity Separation Test March 30 th – April 8 th (“Test of Opportunity”)

RAFT microgravity Separation Test March 30 th – April 8 th (“Test of Opportunity”) May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 45 Robeson

Test 5” cubesat separation system May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 46 Robeson

Test 5” cubesat separation system May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 46 Robeson

Good Initial Deployment May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 47

Good Initial Deployment May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 47

What happened? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 48

What happened? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 48

Sequence u u We suspect a stuck antenna. Maybe one of the four antennas,

Sequence u u We suspect a stuck antenna. Maybe one of the four antennas, after being compressed in the pre-launch configuration for maybe 6 months prior to launch against the bottom of the antenna sleeve, may have embedded itself into the Scotch 2216 Epoxy. At the instant of final separation, that momentary impulse for the “stuck antenna tip to release” imparted torques on the spacecraft. Marscom ended up at almost 80 RPM and RAFT at about 40 RPM … Play Video … May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 49

Initial Tip-Off rate 80 RPM? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 50

Initial Tip-Off rate 80 RPM? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 50

Magnetic Stabilization u u Vertical North/South Horizontal East/West May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 51

Magnetic Stabilization u u Vertical North/South Horizontal East/West May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 51

Ops Normal Telemetry u u u This image shows 7. 3 Volt Bus A

Ops Normal Telemetry u u u This image shows 7. 3 Volt Bus A cool. 2 C temperature No solar current (during eclipse) May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 52

COTS Solar Panel Performance • • • Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat

COTS Solar Panel Performance • • • Very Low Cost $20 Solar Panels (PCsat Heritage) Cost 2% of triple junction. Provide 50% of the performance Degrade twice as fast (50% of life) 26 attitude configurations for cube satellite 6 for one side (power factor of 1) u 12 for one edge (power factor of 1. 4) u 8 for on corner (power factor of 1. 7) u • AVERAGE POWER FACTOR for CUBESAT: (assume equal opportunity rotation): 1. 4 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 53

Solar Panel Performance • CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedo May 2008

Solar Panel Performance • CONCLUSION: 10 to 25% added current from albedo May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 54

Solar Panel Life 7% per year on PCSAT May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 55

Solar Panel Life 7% per year on PCSAT May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 55

Thermal Performance May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 56

Thermal Performance May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 56

RAFT 4 m. W Osc Detection May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 57

RAFT 4 m. W Osc Detection May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 57

Raft Oscillator detection DK 3 WN commanding May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 58

Raft Oscillator detection DK 3 WN commanding May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 58

Radar Fence Doppler Plot u PE 1 ITR data May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary

Radar Fence Doppler Plot u PE 1 ITR data May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 59

Difficulty of RADAR Ops from USNA u u Link budget required 10 degree elevation

Difficulty of RADAR Ops from USNA u u Link budget required 10 degree elevation This limited range to USNA There was no mutual vissibility of NSSS Fence and USNA We were dependent on volunteer ground stations for data May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 60

UC – Irvine Detection u u u Low Horizon pass for Fence Low horizon

UC – Irvine Detection u u u Low Horizon pass for Fence Low horizon pass for UC-Irvine 3 days before re-entry! May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 61

SPASUR Fence Detection u u RAFT designed to detect the Fence Report radar Doppler

SPASUR Fence Detection u u RAFT designed to detect the Fence Report radar Doppler and fence crossing to ground May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 62

SPASUR Tracking Data on MARScom (augmented for 217 MHz) 1. 2 RMS 50% Improvement

SPASUR Tracking Data on MARScom (augmented for 217 MHz) 1. 2 RMS 50% Improvement with Marscom Passive Augmentation SPASUR Tracking Data on RAFT (not augmented) RMS 2. 5 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 63

User Baseline RAFTSpace User Operations SCIENCE USNA-0203 See www. ariss. net PCSAT validates our

User Baseline RAFTSpace User Operations SCIENCE USNA-0203 See www. ariss. net PCSAT validates our links APRS Satellite User Plot 18 Apr 06 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary Vandegriff 64

RAFT User Operations u Joint Operations with ARISS, PCSAT-1 1 -19 Jan Conjunctions with

RAFT User Operations u Joint Operations with ARISS, PCSAT-1 1 -19 Jan Conjunctions with ANDE 10 Feb 7 Mar 26 Mar 11 Apr 25 Apr 5 May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 65

RAFT Synergy with Other Universities u USA Schools • • • u Auburn, Colorado,

RAFT Synergy with Other Universities u USA Schools • • • u Auburn, Colorado, Cornell, Dartmouth Del. Mar. Va, Florida, Hawaii, UC-Irvine Louisiana, Minnessota, MIT, Montana Notre. Dame, No. Va-HS, NPGS Princeton, U-Michigan, USAFA, USCGA Other Schools • • • S. Africa, Brazil, Argentina, Portugal UK, Guam, Italy, Japan, Australia, NZ Mongolia, Moscow, Indonesia, Thailand May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 66

RAFT Synergy with Amateur Satellite Service u u u May 2008 Volunteer Antenna Modelers

RAFT Synergy with Amateur Satellite Service u u u May 2008 Volunteer Antenna Modelers Volunteer Ground stations • Oregon, Calif, Hawaii, London, Germany • Japan, Australia, New Zealand • South Africa, Antarctica Volunteer Command Stations Volunteer re-entry tracking Volunteer Science downlink stations RAFT Mission Summary 67

Ø Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position

Ø Our Satellites provide a low cost educational transponder supporting not only GPS position reporting but also remote WX stations and other data link experiments and other University and School Experiments. v The comm channels can potentially draw from over 30, 000 experimenters for easy assessment of loading and scaling issues. Ø May 2008 Not only the sensors and users exist, but the global Internet collection and distribution system also exists from PCSAT 1 & 2, ANDE and RAFT Mission Summary 68

RAFT Groundstations May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 69

RAFT Groundstations May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 69

RAFT Presentations/Papers AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf (alternate) u AMSAT Symposium 2004, 5, 6, 7

RAFT Presentations/Papers AIAA/USU Small Sat Conf (alternate) u AMSAT Symposium 2004, 5, 6, 7 u AMSAT-DC annual meetings u USNA Satellite Labs u • Comm Labs • Comm labs • Tracking labs • Operations Labs May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 70

De-Orbit Telemetry De-orbit Telemetry Award u For collecting Telemetry and data u We actually

De-Orbit Telemetry De-orbit Telemetry Award u For collecting Telemetry and data u We actually did not get the Award prepared until it was time for ANDE Deorbit, but it was mostly all of the same stations… http: //www. ande-deorbit. com May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 71

Questions? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 72

Questions? May 2008 RAFT Mission Summary 72

ICSat (USNA-0201) u u u Objectives Educate First Class Midshipmen in the Astronautics curriculum

ICSat (USNA-0201) u u u Objectives Educate First Class Midshipmen in the Astronautics curriculum of the Aerospace Engineering major in spacecraft design, systems engineering, program management techniques, cost, scheduling, flight certification and safety procedures, and spacecraft testing. Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) RAFT Mission Summary

ICSat Block Diagram +12 V 50 ma +5 V 300 ma +5 V 120

ICSat Block Diagram +12 V 50 ma +5 V 300 ma +5 V 120 ma +5 V 650 ma Splitter Low Noise Amplifier Transmitter D/A Converter Modulator Mini-Circuits ZFRSC-42 -6. 5 db per port Mini-Circuits ZJL-3 G 0. 2 -3 GHz, 14 -19 db Gain Com. Block 4001 -8 dbm max Com. Block 2001 Com. Block 1002 TX antenna 1 +5 V 140 ma Power Amplifier 2202. 26 MHz Power Amplifier Miteq AMF-3 B-020040 -20 -30 P 2 -4 GHz, 35 db Gain, +30 dbm max out TX antenna 2 Control and Data to/from Computer Low Noise Amplifier RX antenna 1 Com. Block 5101 1767. 00 MHz RX antenna 2 Combiner Low Noise Amplifier Mini-Circuits ZFSC-2 -2500. 01 -2. 5 GHz (+3 -1. 5 db) gain Receiver Demodulator Com. Block 3003 -A Com. Block 1001 Miteq AMF-4 F-01000200 -12 -10 P 1 -2 GHz, 60 db Gain, 1. 2 db NF +15 V 950 ma each +15 V 230 ma each Signal/Power Conditioning Inside ICSat Enclosure +5 V 250 ma RAFT Mission Summary +5 V 300 ma Outside ICSat Enclosure Other Locations

ICSat (USNA-0201) u Results u Educate First Class Midshipmen: u u --This objective was

ICSat (USNA-0201) u Results u Educate First Class Midshipmen: u u --This objective was fully achieved. Ten Midshipmen in five graduating classes and three majors worked on the ICSat experiment directly; an additional 46 worked on the development of the Mid. STAR-1 satellite and were required to take the interface requirements of the experiment into consideration in completing their design activities. Move data via RF Link using TCP/IP and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) -- This objective was not achieved. The experiment failed during integration with insufficient time remaining to troubleshoot and repair before launch. The experiment was flown "as is. " No attempt has been made to activate it on orbit. RAFT Mission Summary