Radioactive Halflife HalfLife Half Life Exposure Radiation Energy
- Slides: 10
Radioactive Half-life
Half-Life
Half Life
Exposure • Radiation = Energy Contamination = Material • Radioactive contamination emits radiation • Exposure to radiation will NOT contaminate you
Units for Exposure and Dose § Exposure (X): Generically, exposure is the condition of being exposed. Exposure is also used to quantify the amount of ionization produced by photons as they pass through air. The unit of exposure is the Roentgen (R). 1 R = 1 esu/cc in air § Absorbed Dose (D): Absorbed dose is the amount of energy deposited in any material by ionizing radiation. The unit of absorbed dose used in the U. S. , the rad, is a measure of energy absorbed per gram of material. The S. I. unit is the Gray (Gy). One Gray equals 100 rad. 1 Gy = 1 J/kg in any material § Dose Equivalent (H): A special concept relating absorbed dose to biological detriment. In the U. S. the unit is the rem. The S. I. unit is the Sievert (Sv). One Sievert equals 100 rem.
Radiation Reduction • Guiding principle: ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable) • Restrict Proximity TIME • Increase the DISTANCE from the Source • Use SHIELDING Material
Human Experience: Ionizing Radiation Lethal Thyroid Treatment Malignant Tissue Treatment (5 - 6 weeks) w. b. > 0. 0 1000 5000 mouse experiment (yearly) > 0. 0 DNA modifying rate equivalent to normally occurring rate 10, 000 rem Lethal w. b. 100 U. S. Radworker limit thru 500 1000 rem mid-fifties w. b. (yearly) Ramsar, U. S. Radworker Iran limit thru WWII Guarapari, Brazil w. b. (yearly) > 0. 0 10 Shuttle Mission w. b. > 0. 0 1 0. 000002 Monazite Full Mouth Sands, (18 film) U. S. India x-ray Radworker limit w. b. (yearly) exam w. b. (yearly) 0. 1 100 rem Skylab Mission w. b. (90 days) 5 natural background mouse w. b. (yearly) experiment (daily) medical chest antique x-ray (per hour) Soviet Radworker limit w. b. (yearly) 50 X-ray lower spine Accident (whole body - w. b. ) 0. 5 10 rem CT medical x-ray Scan (center technician line) w. b. (yearly) Airline Pilot w. b. (yearly) 1 rem
Human Experience: Ionizing Radiation Lethal Thyroid Treatment Malignant Tissue Treatment (5 - 6 weeks) w. b. > 0. 0 1000 5000 mouse experiment (yearly) > 0. 0 DNA modifying rate equivalent to normally occurring rate 10, 000 $ Lethal w. b. 100 U. S. Radworker limit thru 500 1000 $ mid-fifties w. b. (yearly) Ramsar, U. S. Radworker Iran limit thru WWII Guarapari, Brazil w. b. (yearly) > 0. 0 10 Shuttle Mission w. b. > 0. 0 1 0. 000002 Monazite Full Mouth Sands, (18 film) U. S. India x-ray Radworker limit w. b. (yearly) exam w. b. (yearly) 0. 10 100 $ Skylab Mission w. b. (90 days) 5 natural background mouse w. b. (yearly) experiment (daily) medical chest antique x-ray (per hour) Soviet Radworker limit w. b. (yearly) 50 X-ray lower spine Accident (whole body - w. b. ) 0. 50 10 $ CT medical x-ray Scan (center technician line) w. b. (yearly) Airline Pilot w. b. (yearly) 1$
The End. . . Dr. Debra N Thrall Executive Director AIP Foundation 505 -883 -3114 dthrall@nmsu. edu
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