Radical Reconstruction Focus Activity 2 The Civil War

Radical Reconstruction

Focus Activity 2

The Civil War, 1861 -1865 3

Reconstruction Era Photograph of ruins in Richmond, Virginia, taken in 1865 4

Major Questions After the Civil War • How should the South be rebuilt? • How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union? • How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women? 5

Reconstructing a Nation • After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together? Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865 • Could they unify as citizens of the same country? 6

Punishment for the Confederate States? • Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from punished? 1861 • What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States? 7

African Americans in the South • How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states? • How would Northerners address the issue of including former slaves as citizens in society? Photograph of an enslaved family in South Carolina taken in 1862 • What were some major challenges that former slaves faced? 8

After the War • South lay in ruins (destroyed) • Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs • President Lincoln planned for Reconstruction, the rebuilding of the South Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S. C. , 1865. 111 -B-4667. http: //www. archives. go v/research/civilwar/photos/images/civil -war-112. jpg

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan • Reunite Union quickly • Southern state could form a new government after 10 % of its voters swore loyalty to U. S. • States also had to abolish slavery • Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction http: //www. archives. gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-188. jpg

Acts of Congress • Freedman’s Bureau was created by Congress – It gave food, clothing, & other kinds of help to the freedman. • Thirteenth Amendment – Passed by Congress in January, 1865 – Ended slavery throughout the U. S. 11

Glimpses at the Freedmen - The Freedmen's Union Industrial School, Richmond, Va. / from a sketch by Jas E. Taylor (1866). • Room of African American women sewing. http: //lcweb 2. loc. gov/cgi-bin/query/r? ammem/aaodyssey: @field(NUMBER+@band(cph+3 a 33775)) 12

• Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 • Andrew Johnson became President John Wilkes Booth http: //www. archives. gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-198. jpg http: //www. archives. gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-202. jpg

Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson • In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U. S. • Each state must approve the 13 th Amendment • Then each state could rejoin the Union Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President http: //www. archives. gov/research/civil-war/photos/images/civil-war-187. jpg

Impeachment of Johnson Tenure of Office Act: Restricted the President of removing a cabinet member without Senate approval. Johnson removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton. Johnson was aquitted, (he was not removed from office). 15

Response to Johnson’s Plan • Southern States met Johnson’s demands • Republicans in Congress outraged because African Americans were not allowed to vote & former Confederate Leaders were elected to Congress 16

Central Historical Question Why was the Radical Republican plan for Reconstruction considered “radical”?