Radiation shielding devices using Acrylic resin with Barium

Radiation shielding devices using Acrylic resin with Barium sulphate combination in radiotherapy of head & neck cancers Jagadish Kudkuli, Riaz Abdulla, S. D. Sharma, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Yenepoya Dental College, Mangalore, YENEPOYA UNIVERSITY Medical Physics, Radiological Physics and Advisory Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES To assess the degree of radiation protection • Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the sixth most achieved by the use of the protective shield on the common cancer reported globally, with an annual incidence non target tissues of the oral cavity during radiation of over 300, 000 cases, of which 62% arise in developing therapy. countries. Long term objective: • Radiation therapy, treatment modality that uses ionizing radiation as a therapeutic agent is widely employed in the To develop a protective shield / barrier using radiotreatment of head and neck cancers (HNCs) resistant biocompatible materials for reducing or • However, radiotherapy can cause a series of complications erasing the damages caused due to radiation such as xerostomia, mucositis, osteoradionecrosis, and therapy on tissues of the head and neck cancers. radiation caries. • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the percentage attenuation from composite shields in 60 Co gamma rays. • A maximum of 8% radiation attenuation was achieved using 1: 4 ratio of acrylic-Ba. SO 4 composite shields. • The study proposes Ba. SO 4 as one of the compounds in combination with acrylic resin or any othermoplastic substances for making biocompatible radiation attenuating devices. BACKGROUND YENEPOYA UNIVERSITY METHODS • Fabrication of the material and device • Barium sulphate and acrylic resin combination Ø Powder-liquid combinations were used with ratios of 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3 & 1: 4 of increasing Barium Sulphate concentration respectively. ØCircular Discs of 5 mm thickness were made from the combinations. • Dosimetric Studies: Ø Dosimetric analysis was done at BARC, (MUMBAI ) ØThe Gafchromic EBT 2 film (2 cm × 2 cm) was used to record Net optical density upon radiation exposure on the circular discs made in house. Meassurement was done using EPSON Expression 10000 XL scanner RESULTS Material Mean transmission (%) Mean attenuation (%) Ar + Bs (1˸ 4) 92 8 Ar + Bs (1˸ 2) 94. 9 5. 1 Ar + Bs (1˸ 3) 96. 3 3. 7 Ar + Bs (1˸ 1) 96. 4 3. 6 Acrylic resin 98. 6 1. 4 Oral squamous cell carcinoma accounts for more than 90% of all oral cancers and is the most common type of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma causing for about 128, 000 deaths worldwide. • Radiation therapy is associated with a variety of side effects that vary according to total dosage, rate of radiation delivery, fraction size, field of radiation, radiation source, previous surgical intervention, and individual patient status. • Patients may undergo radiation therapy for 3– 7 weeks 1 2 with a total dose ranging from 3000 to >7000 c. Gy, depending on tumor type and location. • In 90– 100% of patients whose radiation fields include the oral cavity, oral mucosa, salivary glands, bone, dentition, masticatory musculature and apparatus get affected. • Lead has been tested as an effective radio protective material albeit its issues with toxicity, more penetrative secondary radiation, increasing cost and weight factor. Figure 5 and Figure 6: Mean percentage transmission/ Attenuation of circular disc • Consequently, research efforts have focused toward 3 in Cobalt-60 gamma rays from Bhabhatron-II telecobalt machine Ar- Acrylic Resin 4 Bs- Barium sulphate (Ba. SO 4) designing efficient, lightweight, cost-effective, and flexible Figure 1 -4: In-house made Oral shields using Ba. So 4 Acrylic Resin shielding materials for protection against radiation Combination encountered. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES • Less hazardous alternatives to lead are titanium, tin, • Kim SC, Dong KR, Chung WK. Performance evaluation of a • This study showed that combination of barium-acrylic resin was • Re search Grant : bismuth, barium, or combinations of them. medical radiation shielding sheet with barium as an instrumental in bringing about radiation attenuation. Therefore, 34(1)/14/362014 • Novel paint designs were examined by dispersing nano tin environment-friendly material. J Korean Phys Soc emphasis should be laid on using Ba. SO 4 compound to effectuate BRNS Board of Research 2012; 60: 165 -70. dioxide and nano tungsten trioxide in epoxy paints, which proportional radiation attenuation with increasing concentration. in Nuclear Sciences ( • Abdulla R, Fidha M, Sripathi Rao BH, Kudkuli J, Rekha PD, showed effective attenuation of X-rays and gamma rays. • Other materials such as lead, barium, bismuth, titanium, tungsten, Sharma SD. Attenuation of Co gamma rays by barium acrylic BRNS) tin, and alloys of their combination can also be tested for better • In this study, different compositions of acrylic resin and resin composite shields. Radiat Prot Environ 2015; 38: 151 -3. • Department of Atomic attenuation. This will prove a better quality of post-RT life for the barium sulfate (Ba. SO 4) were evaluated for radiation • Sciubba JJ, Goldenberg D. Oral complications of Energy ( DAE) patients undergoing treatment for HNCs. attenuation properties radiotherapy. Lancet Oncol 2006; 7: 175 -83. • Yenepoya University • 60