RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE Ionizing Radiation can deposit

RADIATION SAFETY ORIENTATION COURSE

Ionizing Radiation can deposit energy in neighboring atoms resulting in the removal of electrons. X-RADIATION NUCLEAR RADIATION

Ionization of an Atom

Ionization of an Atom

BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION

1 ROENTGEN (R) = 2. 58 X 10 -4 coulombs kg 1 RAD (RAD) = 100 ergs per gram 1 REM (REM = 1 RAD X Q factors gamma & beta = 1 thermal n = 2 fast n = 10 alpha = 20 FOR GAMMA & BETA RADIATION 1 ROENTGEN » 1 RAD » 1 REM

HALF LIFE 1 Time ½ Half Life is the length of time it takes for a amount of radioactive material to decay to one half it’s original amount.

DECAY EQUATION At = A 0 e -( 0. 693 t½ At = activity at time t A 0 = activity at time 0 t½ = isotope half life t = time from 0 )t

ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCES OF RADIATION COSMIC EARTH PEOPLE

Consumer Products

MEDICAL USES OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS AND RADIATION

POTENTIAL LATENT BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO CHRONIC RADIATION EXPOSURE GENETIC CANCER

ACUTE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS DUE TO RADIATION EXPOSURE X-RAY / GAMMA EXPOSURE BETA EXPOSURE

TO MINIMIZE YOUR RADIATION EXPOSURE AS LOW AS REASONABLY ACHIEVABLE YOU WILL PRACTICE ALARA PRINCIPLES

EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS TIME DISTANCE SHIELDING

TIME THE SHORTER THE TIME EXPOSED TO RADIATION, THE SMALLER THE RADIATION DOSE RECEIVED.

DISTANCE AS YOU INCREASE THE DISTANCE FROM THE RADIATION SOURCE, THE RADIATION LEVELS DECREASE. FOR A POINT SOURCE : INVERSE SQUARE LAW m. R/hr 1 m. R/hr 2 = (distance 2)2 (distance 1)2

Distance

SHIELDING

Biological Effects 600 500 400 Rem 300 200 100 0 Legal Limit Possible WBC Hair Loss Bone Marrow LD/50/30 Death

Whole Body Lens of Eye Skin Extremity 5000 millirem/yr 15000 millirem/yr 50000 millirem/yr Minors Embryo/Fetus 10% of Adult 500 millirem 100 millirem/yr

METER RESPONSE PROBE AUDIO RESET CALIBRATION SELECT BATTERIES

Lab Hygiene

Preparation • Designate and label areas for working with radioactive material • Label all containers with a radioactive material label and specify the isotope • • No eating, drinking or smoking in the laboratory • No mouth pipetting of radioactive material

Conducting the Research • Use spill trays and absorbent covering • Use fume hoods for handling potentially volatile material • Wear laboratory coat, disposable gloves, and laboratory safety glasses • Use gloves appropriate for the chemicals to be handled

Post Research • Monitor and decontaminate surfaces as described in Chapter 7 of the Radiation Safety Manual • Dispose of radioactive waste in waste containers in accordance with Appendix G in the Radiation Safety Manual. • Ensure the container is labeled with a "Radioactive Material" label and specify the radioisotope in the container.

DESIGNATE AND LABEL RADIOACTIVE WORK AREAS LABEL ALL CONTAINERS AND ITEMS POTENTIALLY CONTAMINATED

Contamination Limits Swipe test results Laboratory Areas < 1000 DPM per 100 square cm Unrestricted Areas (everywhere else) < 200 DPM per 100 square cm

PERFORM MONTHLY SURVEYS }MAINTAIN THE SECURITY OF ISOTOPES, INCLUDING RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Door between Food and Radiation

METHODS OF CONTAMINATION CONTROL 1. GLOVES 2. LAB COATS OR APRONS 3. DECONTAMINATE 4. FUME HOODS 5. GLOVE BOX 6. PROTECTIVE SUITS 3 2 1 4 5 6

PERSONAL EXPOSURE MONITORING INTERNAL EXTERNAL

INTERNAL RADIATION EXPOSURE PROTECTION METHODS CONTAINMENT PROTECTIVE CLOTHING BIOASSAY PROGRAM

BIOASSAY INTERNAL RADIATION MONITORING I-131 & I-125 H-3, C-14, S-35, P-32

PRENATAL RADIATION EXPOSURE The University of Kentucky limits the dose to an embryo or fetus during the entire pregnancy, due to occupational exposure of a declared pregnant woman, to 500 millirem.

DECLARATION OF PREGNANCY • IN WRITING TO THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICER • WILL LOWER THE DOSE TO THE FETUS TO 5 OO MILLIREM FOR THE TERM OF THE PREGNANCY

EMERGENCY RESPONSE NOTIFY THE RADIATION SAFETY OFFICE WHEN: A CONTAMINATION EVENT INVOLVES PERSONNEL A SPILL IS GREATER THAN ~100 MICROCURIES RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS ARE MISSING (INCLUDING WASTE) FIRE, EXPLOSION, OR OTHER INCIDENT COULD SPREAD CONTAMINATION IN A RADIATION LAB