Racism and African American Resistance in the 1920

Resurgence of the KKK n 1915 --Nativists who believed only “nativeborn” were real Americans--restarted

Increased Racism in the North n n n By the 1920 s, African. American

Increased Racism in North ctnd. n RED SUMMER of 1919—more than 25 race riots

African-American Resistance: Key Figures n W. E. B. Du. Bois n n n Scholar

African-American Resistance: Key Figures ctnd. n Marcus Garvey n n n Jamaican immigrant, founder

The Harlem Renaissance n n A literary and artistic movement celebrating African. American culture

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Racism and African. American Resistance in the 1920 s Mrs. Housenick US History 12/9/11

Resurgence of the KKK n 1915 --Nativists who believed only “nativeborn” were real Americans--restarted KKK n White Protestant men who were against anyone not White, Christian, or born in US n In 1920 s, KKK grew under leadership of Hiram Wesley Evans n �KKK reached 4 million members by 1924! n Responsible for beatings, killings, terrorizing others n Many important Americans, including police and government officials were in KKK

Increased Racism in the North n n n By the 1920 s, African. American population increasingly urban (of the city) African-Americans had moved North during the Great Migration—looking for jobs during WWI. Rising discrimination in North, especially after the war as blacks compete with white workers for jobs.

Increased Racism in North ctnd. n RED SUMMER of 1919—more than 25 race riots across country. n n Chicago Race Riot resulted in 38 people dead, 537 hurt and 1000 homeless. Started when whites stoned a 17 -year old black youth for swimming in white section of beach. Lynchings in North as well. Blacks consistently dealt with inequalities in housing, education and job opportunities.

African-American Resistance: Key Figures n W. E. B. Du. Bois n n n Scholar and activist, founder of NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) Black advancement depended on civil equality. Believed protest was essential. In 1920 s, led a parade of 10, 000 African-American men in New York, protesting violence against blacks. In 1920 s, membership of NAACP doubled!

African-American Resistance: Key Figures ctnd. n Marcus Garvey n n n Jamaican immigrant, founder of UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) More radical message of black pride. On of the first popular black nationalists—argued that blacks needed their own, independent nation. Urged a return to Africa. Also, promoted African. American business. Eventually deported by US government.

The Harlem Renaissance n n A literary and artistic movement celebrating African. American culture Originally called the “New Negro movement” because it celebrated African heritage and the African-American experience. Writers and artists honestly portrayed the realities of racism in America. Led by well-educated, middleclass African Americans.