Race Matters for Juvenile Justice An Introduction to

Race Matters for Juvenile Justice: An Introduction to Implicit Bias Your Name, Title Audience, Location January 1, 2016

Overview of the Presentation 1. 2. 3. 4. Who we are and how we came to this work Brain Science and Heuristics Explicit Bias and Implicit Bias Measuring and Addressing Bias at the Individual and System Levels 5. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

This is your brain. This is law school. This is your brain after law school. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

This is your brain. This is implicit bias. This is your brain after law school. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

This is your brain. This is implicit bias. This is your brain after examining implicit bias. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Brain Science Amygdala/ae and their purpose/role Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Amygdala/ae and Automatic Processing Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

OH MY! - Amygdalae!

Brain Science: Heuristics We are bombarded with information and stimuli every minute which affect the hundreds of thousands (or more) decisions that we make every day Our brain has to quickly sort through and categorize information and stimuli for us to function And that (automatic processing) can be very useful… Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Please read the following… I adda a qwer zcada eqai adfjk, fdaklad qeeqmoxn pwiq te nveh majdury. U dogn fo usni rep soz cocley. Zorg noyb goo? Now, read this… I cnnoat blveiee I aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I am rdanieg. Aoccdrnig to rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer inwaht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Read the Word:

Say the Color of the Word:

Heuristics are mental shortcuts that allow individuals to solve problems and make decisions/judgments quickly and efficiently. § § § Availability Heuristic Representativeness Heuristic Anchoring “Just World” Heuristic Categorizing and Generalizing http: //psychology. about. com/od/hindex/g/heuristic. htm Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Availability Heuristic Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Availability Heuristic Cause of Death People’s Choice Annual US Totals Newspaper Reports/Year Lung Cancer 43% 140, 000 3 Vehicle Accidents 57% 46, 000 127 Emphysema 45% 22, 000 1 Homicides 55% 19, 000 264 Tuberculosis 23% 4, 000 0 Fire and Flames 77% 7, 000 24 Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Representativeness Heuristic Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Anchoring 8675309 Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

“Just World” Heuristic Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Categorizing & Generalizing Categorizing and Generalizing Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Bicycle Thief http: //youtu. be/ge 7 i 60 Gu. NRg Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

B: Biases R: Really A: Are I: Inherently N: Normal Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Explicit Bias The NCSC defines explicit bias as the attitudes or beliefs that one endorses at a conscious level. Because they are accessible through introspection, individuals can choose to conceal or hide explicit biases in order to appear more socially/politically correct. www. ncsc. org/ibreport Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Implicit Bias In contrast to explicit bias, implicit bias operates outside of awareness. It is the judgment or behavior that results from subtle cognitive processes that operate at a level below conscious awareness and without intentional control. www. ncsc. org/ibreport Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Measuring Implicit Bias on the Individual Level People may have attitudes they are unwilling to selfreport; and people may have attitudes they are unable to self-report. An implicit association test can measure those attitudes and beliefs. For more information, please visit: implicit. harvard. edu Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

IAT Knee-Tapping Instructions Simulate computer keys with left and right knees Respond by tapping lightly with right and left hands Circle of words (names or valence words), go clockwise direction from starting point, and go around entire circle of words once Do this as quickly and accurately as you can If you get it wrong, tap the correct knee before moving to the next word Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

IAT Name Categories BLACK WHITE Ebony Marquis Precious Jada Malik Jazmin Tyrone Lakisha Jamal Maxwell Heather Jake Molly Holly Luke Allison Hunter Hannah Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

IAT Word Categories GOOD joy laughter peace happy friend paradise love pleasure ecstasy BAD hatred terrible war awful failure violent death evil tragedy Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Malik Molly S T A R T Maxwell Heather Jamal Ebony Hannah LEFT for RIGHT for Hunter BLACK WHITE Lakisha Marquis Jake Precious Tyrone Jada Allison Molly Jazmin Luke Holly Malik

tragedy ecstasy S T A R T hatred peace hatred terrible joy LEFT for RIGHT for love BAD GOOD evil joy friend failure death war pleasure violent happy laughter paradise awful

failure Jake S T A R T Malik joy awful Tyrone Jazmin LEFT for RIGHT for BAD or GOOD or BLACK WHITE happy Jamal love Molly hatred war Luke Ebony peace terrible Allison friend Jada

Allison Maxwell S T A R T Jamal Hannah Jamal Lakisha Ebony LEFT for RIGHT for Heather WHITE BLACK Hunter Allison Marquis Tyrone Precious Jazmin Molly Luke Jada Jake Holly Malik

failure Jake S T A R T Malik joy Precious awful Ebony LEFT for RIGHT for BAD or GOOD or WHITE BLACK happy Marquis love Heather hatred war Luke Maxwell terrible peace Molly friend Tyrone

The Monkey Business Illusion http: //youtu. be/IGQmdo. K_Zf. Y Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research Study participants (Berkeley & Stanford University students) were presented with 41 frames of a continuum displaying an image that initially was severely degraded (Frame 1), became less degraded (e. g. , Frame 20), and finally contained no degradation at all (Frame 41) – researchers measured how quickly participants could recognize the image. http: //web. stanford. edu/~eberhard/index. html Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research Crime Irrelevant Objects 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 No Prime White Prime http: //web. stanford. edu/~eberhard/index. html Black Prime Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research Crime Irrelevant Objects Crime Relevant Objects 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 No Prime White Prime http: //web. stanford. edu/~eberhard/index. html Black Prime Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research Crime Irrelevant Objects Crime Relevant Objects 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 No Prime White Prime http: //web. stanford. edu/~eberhard/index. html Black Prime Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Jennifer Eberhardt’s Research Crime Irrelevant Objects Crime Relevant Objects 28 26 24 22 20 18 16 14 No Prime White Prime http: //web. stanford. edu/~eberhard/index. html Black Prime Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Individual/Systemic Reponses But…does the existence of an implicit preference (bias) = biased behavior? Good Question! Emerging research suggests the answer – at an aggregate level – is YES. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Multivariate Analyses With almost a million youth, this study allowed researchers to compare otherwise identical White, Hispanic, and Black students committing the same behaviors and controlling for 83 distinct variables. So matched on all 83 study variables, Black students had a 31% higher likelihood of disciplinary action when compared with otherwise completely similar White and Hispanic students with the same offenses. http: //csgjusticecenter. org/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/Breaking_Schools_Rules_Report_Final. pdf Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

What’s the Impact of Implicit Bias on Systems?

01 0 of 4 thg ici ra en d t i ers n re bel ad ow 20 ing 15 -2 3 01 Health en O sio ut ns -of - 2 -sc 01 ho 1/ ol 12 Pr iso n po pu la tio n 20 Se 13 ar ch e vio s pe la r s tio ea n- tb 20 elt 11 Ch ild re n ca in re fos - 2 te 01 r Ch 3 ild re n be po low ve 20 rty 0 -2 %o 01 f Un 3 em pl oy m en t 20 15 su sp -2 es at yr lit ta or m at hs de Relative Rate Index (Times more or less likely than a White person) 1. 75 pr nt In fa te s be Di a Measuring Systemic Responses: Racial Equity Impact Analyses (2010 -15 Data) 7 5. 25 3. 5 Black Hispanic White 0 Education Criminal Justice CPS Economic Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org 4 2

The mission of Race Matters for Juvenile Justice is to build a collaboration of community stakeholders who will bring their constituencies to the table and partner in the Court’s effort to reduce disproportionality and disparities. Our vision is a Charlotte-Mecklenburg Community where the composition and outcomes of juvenile courts cannot be predicted by race or ethnicity. Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

The RMJJ Collaborative National & Community Partners National Council of Juvenile & Family Court Judges Casey Family Programs N. C. Administrative Office of the Courts Court Improvement Project N. C. Division of Juvenile Justice Racial Equity Institute Mecklenburg County District Attorney’s Office Juvenile Court Judges of the 26 th Judicial District & Office of the Family Court Administrator Mecklenburg County Department of Social Services & Youth and Family Services • Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Judicial District 26 Guardian ad Litem Charlotte-Mecklenburg Community Relations Committee Justice Initiatives, Inc. Council for Children’s Rights UNC Charlotte- School of Social Work Community Building Initiative Fore. Sight Leadership Training Institute The Possibility Project–Charlotte Mecklenburg Ministries Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Current RMJJ Initiatives Workforce Dev. & Race Analysis Public Will & Communication Research, Data, & Evaluation Legislative Policy, and Economic Reform Catalyzing Change, Comm. Part & Youth Initiative Practice Change Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Questions? Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org

Contacts and Protection Please cite Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – Charlotte www. rmjj. org when referring to this material as the compilation is protected intellectual property. It may be used for individual education by may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission from RMJJ. Most of the information and data are publicly available and the sources have been provided. We encourage you to learn more! For additional information, please contact: info@rmjj. org Race Matters for Juvenile Justice – www. rmjj. org