rabies the First World Rabies Day WORLD RABIES
狂 犬 病 rabies
the First World Rabies Day! WORLD RABIES DAY, SEPTEMBER 8, 2007 Working together to stop the ongoing tragedy of rabies!
流行病学 (epidemiology) 一 、传染源(source of infection) 病犬 (占 80~ 90%)
二、传播途径(Transmission) n n n Transmission of rabies virus usually begins when infected saliva of a host is passed to an uninfected animal The most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through the bite and virus-containing saliva of an infected host contamination of mucous membranes (i. e. , eyes, nose, mouth) aerosol transmission corneal transplantations
patients ¨ patients
Signs and symptoms Rabies virus infects the central nervous system, causing encephalopathy and ultimately death. n Early symptoms — nonspecific flu-like signs, such as malaise, fever, or headache, which may last for days. n As the disease progresses — neurological symptoms appear, include insomnia, anxiety, confusion, slight or partial paralysis, excitation, agitation, hypersalivation, difficulty swallowing, and hydrophobia (fear of water). n The acute period of disease typically ends after 2 to 10 days.
Rabies diagnosis in humans n n n Tests are performed on samples of saliva, serum, spinal fluid, and skin biopsies Saliva can be tested by virus isolation or reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Serum and spinal fluid are tested for antibodies to rabies virus. Skin biopsy specimens are examined for rabies antigen in the cutaneous nerves at the base of hair follicles. No single test is sufficient
RT-PCR n n The DNA copy of rabies can then be amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This technique can confirm d. FA results and can detect rabies virus in saliva and skin biopsy samples. The arrows indicate positions of positive bands
Direct fluorescent antibody test (d. FA) Positive d. FA Negative d. FA The d. FA test shows rabies antigen in nearly 100% of the samples
预防和管理 Summary 1、狂犬病毒引起 2、The most common mode of rabies virus transmission is through the bite and virus-containing saliva of an infected host 2、病理改变:弥漫性脑脊髓炎 内格里小体(Ne·gri body) —定义:An eosinophilic inclusion body found in the cytoplasm of certain nerve cells containing the rabies virus. 3、临床分型及症状:狂躁型(furious) 麻痹型(dumb) 4、如何诊断?临床病例诊断:流行病史+临床特征
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