ra Crda PialkmCa ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA UN

ra. Crdæa. Pi)alkm<úCa ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA UN World Food Programme kmµvi. FI es, óg. Gahar. Bi. PBelak Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit Rks. Yg. GPiv. DÆn_Cnb. T MINISTRY OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping Unit

Food Security Situation in Cambodia • Production: – National: surplus since 1995 – Household: within surplus communes over 20% of hh are chronically food insecure • Access: – Low purchasing power – Poor marketing system • Utilization: lack of food diversification

Cambodia: why some groups are chronically food insecure? Some major reasons • Commune/Household level production variations resulting in unequal access to food. • Indebtedness requiring large rice repayments against current crop harvest • Long term decline in common property resources (forestry, fisheries resources and land) • Overall low level of income/wealth and lack of alternative income sources • Structural Problems such as high pressure on land (small landholdings and insecure land tenure), low soil quality, high dependency on weather. . .

Roles of WFP-VAM Unit • Vulnerability Analysis: Targeting food aid to the most needy people • Support Monitoring and Evaluation • Contingency Planning: Yearly analysis/update of event/impact (floods, civil war, …) and WFP response • Research on Food Security Issues 2000: Protracted emergency target population, forestry/common property resource issues, education sector, nutrition, urban poor • Counterpart Capacity Building: Inter-ministerial team for M&E • Support to other agencies: Targeting poorest, analysis, information, . . .

Process undertaken to analyze Poverty… • Surveys: Baseline surveys, PET, Gender survey, food security and nutrition surveillance, crop assessment, etc • Secondary Data Sets: Census 1998, SES, satellite data, HKI data sets, land use data, health and nutrition data, etc • Staff/Govt. Inputs: Field staff assessment in collaboration with government and development agencies • Statistical Analysis: Running analyses over data to generate specific indicators of poverty et al • Spatial Analysis using GIS: Statistical analysis incorporating a spatial component • Outputs: Clear identification of the food insecure and vulnerable regions of Cambodia, generation of reports

Methodology for Targeting in 2001 Socio-Economic Survey (3, 000 households) Consumption Expenditure as explained by • Household size • Age of head of household • Education level • Proportion of elderly • Widowed head of household • Occupation of head of household • Electricity source • Water source • Urban household

Methodology for Targeting in 2001 Census 98 (2. 1 million households) Consumption Expenditure as explained by • Household size • Age of head of household • Education level • Proportion of elderly • Widowed head of household • Occupation of head of household • Electricity source • Water source • Urban household

Methodology for Targeting in 2001 PREDICTED CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE for ALL 2. 1 million Households in Cambodia

Definition of Poor Household, 2001 Poor household is defined as those with consumption expenditure below the 54, 050 Riel per capita per month based on poverty line expenditure to afford 2, 100 calorie food basket per day and minimal other basic expenditure

Poverty Mapping 2000 -CSES 99 and Census 98 Analysis Results

Selection Process of Poor Communes 1) >40% poor in 2000 analysis AND Poorest 25% in 1997/98/99 Analyses 70 Communes-505, 000 people 2) >40% poor in 2000 analysis AND 25% poorest in 1997 or 1998 analyses 198 communes-1, 502, 000 people 3) >50% poor in 2000 analysis AND Not selected in 1) or 2) above 90 communes-424, 000 people Total 358 communes-2, 431, 000 people (20% of population as of March 2001)

1997 Poverty Analysis Based on 27 indicators from a 2, 751 village survey in pre-selected 550 “poor” communes. Lower then 50 score indicators commune in bottom 20% of all communes in country

Poverty Index 1997

1998 Poverty Analysis Based on 5 high risk coping strategies and WFP provincial staff ranking indicator 41 of 180 districts were chosen

Poverty Index 1998, High Priority District

1999 Poverty Analysis Based on 5 indicators 4 or 5 (pink and red) indicate communes where 4 or all 5 of the indicators were below national mean in that communes

Poverty Index 1999

Analysis of Poor Communes 2001

Guideline for Field Staff Assessment of Poor Communes • Participation (government and other agencies, …) • Poor in agricultural production, market access, social service accessibility, . . . • Change in accessibility to common property resources • High amount of rice and cash debts • Existence of development agencies • High exposure to landmine and access to alternative income generations • Comparability of the assessment (national, provincial, …) • Potential for development in the areas

Field Staff List of Poor Communes

Field Staff List and Analysis Results

Final WFP Targeting 2001

Major Target Beneficiaries Groups • Chronically food insecure population and those only recently emerging from long-term conflict and isolation • Vulnerable households and individuals: widows, orphans • Disaster victims

Major Outputs of Poverty Analyses • Poverty index for 1, 600 communes across 97, 98, 99 and 00 • Specific outputs on poverty in forest dependent communes • Analysis of primary education sector • Gender analysis of poverty and decision making at community level • Baseline survey of the poor in chronically poor areas and civil insecurity affected areas • Link PPA to currently poor areas • Food security and nutritional surveillance report (every four months) • Analysis on fisheries dependent populations, AIDS affected, and Urban poor during 2001. • Database linked to maps of all major poverty information in Cambodia