Quoting Paraphrasing and Summarizing Quoting Paraphrasing and Summarizing

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing What is it? Quotation Paraphrase Summary Matches the source word for word Matches the source’s meaning Sums up the main points of the source Set off by quotation marks Uses your own words Near the same length (can be shorter or longer) Much shorter than the source

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing How do you do it? Quotation Copy the source’s words exactly. Put it in quotation marks. Cite the source. Paraphrase Summary Read over the section you want to Read over the section you would like paraphrase. to summarize. Put it aside and write down the same Put it aside and write down what information, but in your own words. YOU think are the main points, or the points that are most useful to Go back to see if left out any you. important information. Cite the source

The Passage as It Appears in the Source • Critical care nurses function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for patients but follows the progress of unusual or long term patients. On each shift a nurse assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour by hour functioning of the unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients, ascertaining that beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls. Resource nurses also take a patient assignment. They are the most experienced of all the staff nurses. The nurse clinician has a separate job description and provides for quality of care by orienting new staff, developing unit policies, and providing direct support where needed, such as assisting in emergency situations. The clinical nurse specialist in this unit is mostly involved with formal teaching in orienting new staff. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical nurse specialist are the designated experts. They do not take patient assignments. The resource nurse is seen as both a caregiver and a resource to other caregivers. . Staff nurses have a hierarchy of seniority. . Staff nurses are assigned to patients to provide all their nursing care. (Chase, 1995, p. 156)

• Word-for-Word Plagiarism • Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long term cases. On each shift a resource nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in the operating room, and also has a patient assignment. The nurse clinician orients new staff, develops policies, and provides support where needed. The clinical nurse specialist also orients new staff, mostly by formal teaching. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical nurse specialist, as the designated experts, do not take patient assignments. The resource nurse is not only a caregiver but a resource to the other caregivers. Within the staff nurses there is also a hierarchy of seniority. Their job is to give assigned patients all their nursing care. • Original Passage • Critical care nurses function in a hierarchy of roles. In this open heart surgery unit, the nurse manager hires and fires the nursing personnel. The nurse manager does not directly care for patients but follows the progress of unusual or long term patients. On each shift a nurse assumes the role of resource nurse. This person oversees the hour by hour functioning of the unit as a whole, such as considering expected admissions and discharges of patients, ascertaining that beds are available for patients in the operating room, and covering sick calls. Resource nurses also take a patient assignment. They are the most experienced of all the staff nurses. The nurse clinician has a separate job description and provides for quality of care by orienting new staff, developing unit policies, and providing direct support where needed, such as assisting in emergency situations. The clinical nurse specialist in this unit is mostly involved with formal teaching in orienting new staff. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical nurse specialist are the designated experts. They do not take patient assignments. The resource nurse is seen as both a caregiver and a resource to other caregivers. . Staff nurses have a hierarchy of seniority. . Staff nurses are assigned to patients to provide all their nursing care. (Chase, 1995, p. 156)

• Word-for-Word Plagiarism • Why this is plagiarism • Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The • Notice that the writer has not only nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does “borrowed” Chase’s material (the results of not directly care for patients but does follow her research) with no acknowledgment, but unusual or long term cases. On each shift a has also largely maintained the author’s resource nurse attends to the functioning of the method of expression and sentence structure. unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are The phrases in red are directly copied from the available in the operating room, and also has a source or changed only slightly in form. patient assignment. The nurse clinician orients • Even if the student writer had acknowledged new staff, develops policies, and provides Chase as the source of the content, the support where needed. The clinical nurse language of the passage would be considered specialist also orients new staff, mostly by formal teaching. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and plagiarized because no quotation marks indicate the phrases that come directly from clinical nurse specialist, as the designated Chase. And if quotation marks did appear experts, do not take patient assignments. The around all these phrases, this paragraph resource nurse is not only a caregiver but a would be so cluttered that it would be resource to the other caregivers. Within the staff unreadable. nurses there is also a hierarchy of seniority. Their job is to give assigned patients all their nursing care.

• Word-for-Word Plagiarism • Critical care nurses have a hierarchy of roles. The nurse manager hires and fires nurses. S/he does not directly care for patients but does follow unusual or long term cases. On each shift a resource nurse attends to the functioning of the unit as a whole, such as making sure beds are available in the operating room, and also has a patient assignment. The nurse clinician orients new staff, develops policies, and provides support where needed. The clinical nurse specialist also orients new staff, mostly by formal teaching. The nurse manager, nurse clinician, and clinical nurse specialist, as the designated experts, do not take patient assignments. The resource nurse is not only a caregiver but a resource to the other caregivers. Within the staff nurses there is also a hierarchy of seniority. Their job is to give assigned patients all their nursing care. • A Legitimate Paraphrase • In her study of the roles of nurses in a critical care unit, Chase (1995) also found a hierarchy that distinguished the roles of experts and others. Just as the educational experts described above do not directly teach students, the experts in this unit do not directly attend to patients. That is the role of the staff nurses, who, like teachers, have their own “hierarchy of seniority” (p. 156). The roles of the experts include employing unit nurses and overseeing the care of special patients (nurse manager), teaching and otherwise integrating new personnel into the unit (clinical nurse specialist and nurse clinician), and policy making (nurse clinician). In an intermediate position in the hierarchy is the resource nurse, a staff nurse with more experience than the others, who assumes direct care of patients as the other staff nurses do, but also takes on tasks to ensure the smooth operation of the entire facility.

Paraphrase and Summary #2 • The Original Passage • By and large Yosemite has been preserved as though it were a painting. The boundaries of the park are the gilt frame around a masterpiece, and within the frame we are urged to take only pictures, leave only footprints. There are enormously important reasons to do so—there are too many people coming to the park to do it any other way—and yet I cannot help feeling something is sadly missing from this experience of nature. Looking is a fine thing to do to pictures, but hardly an adequate way to live in the world. It is nature as a place in which we do not belong, a place in which we do not live, in which we are intruders. A tourist is by definition an outsider, a person who does not belong, a stranger in paradise. • Solnit, Rebecca. Savage Dreams: A Journey into the Landscape Wars of the American West. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. Print.

• The Original Passage • By and large Yosemite has been preserved as though it were a painting. The boundaries of the park are the gilt frame around a masterpiece, and within the frame we are urged to take only pictures, leave only footprints. There are enormously important reasons to do so—there are too many people coming to the park to do it any other way— and yet I cannot help feeling something is sadly missing from this experience of nature. Looking is a fine thing to do to pictures, but hardly an adequate way to live in the world. It is nature as a place in which we do not belong, a place in which we do not live, in which we are intruders. A tourist is by definition an outsider, a person who does not belong, a stranger in paradise. • Legitimate Summary • (condenses, captures only main points, and re expresses in new language) • Conservation efforts traditionally have represented Yosemite as a work of art marked by distinct borders (Solnit 263). While Solnit acknowledges that this representation may serve to protect the park, she also suggests that it limits the individual’s relationship to the landscape (263).

• The Original Passage • By and large Yosemite has been preserved as though it were a painting. The boundaries of the park are the gilt frame around a masterpiece, and within the frame we are urged to take only pictures, leave only footprints. There are enormously important reasons to do so—there are too many people coming to the park to do it any other way— and yet I cannot help feeling something is sadly missing from this experience of nature. Looking is a fine thing to do to pictures, but hardly an adequate way to live in the world. It is nature as a place in which we do not belong, a place in which we do not live, in which we are intruders. A tourist is by definition an outsider, a person who does not belong, a stranger in paradise. • Legitimate Paraphrase • (captures the entire passage and re expresses in new language) • Solnit argues that because conservation efforts have conceived of Yosemite as a work of art, the park is represented as nature appropriately experienced as one might experience a painting: through sight only (263). While this representation makes sense in light of the throngs of people flocking to Yosemite, it limits the ways in which an individual might experience the park’s landscape, since it implies that nature is to be viewed and not altered, that it is to be visited and not lived in (Solnit 263).

• Legitimate Summary • Legitimate Paraphrase • (condenses, captures only main points, • (captures the entire passage and re expresses in new language) • Solnit argues that because conservation • Conservation efforts traditionally have represented Yosemite as a work of art efforts have conceived of Yosemite as a marked by distinct borders (Solnit 263). work of art, the park is represented as nature appropriately experienced as one While Solnit acknowledges that this representation may serve to protect the might experience a painting: through park, she also suggests that it limits the sight only (263). While this individual’s relationship to the landscape representation makes sense in light of (263). the throngs of people flocking to Yosemite, it limits the ways in which an individual might experience the park’s landscape, since it implies that nature is to be viewed and not altered, that it is to be visited and not lived in (Solnit 263).

Let’s Practice! • To partner, please get in line based on height. • Once you have a partner, you’ll need a sheet of paper (you can share) • You will be coaching each other through the creation of a summary and paraphrase of a given passage. • The younger person in your pair will be the first to begin writing. The older will first begin by coaching. • For the 2 nd passage, you will switch roles. • Don’t forget to cite it using correct APA in text citations!

Paraphrase and Summary Practice #1 • The twenties were the years when drinking was against the law, and the law was a bad joke because everyone knew of a local bar where liquor could be had. They were the years when organized crime ruled the cities, and the police seemed powerless to do anything against it. Classical music was forgotten while jazz spread throughout the land, and men like Bix Beiderbecke, Louis Armstrong, and Count Basie became the heroes of the young. The flapper was born in the twenties, and with her bobbed hair and short skirts, she symbolized, perhaps more than anyone or anything else, America's break with the past. • From Kathleen Yancey, K. (1989). English 102 Supplemental Guide, p. 25.

Paraphrase and Summary Practice #2 • Annie Oakley's life spanned years of tremendous change for American women. By the time of her death in 1926, Americans were celebrating the liberated, urban focused, modern times of the Jazz Age. Women had won the right to vote, wore less re strictive clothes, and followed a changing ideal that was loosening some of the restrictions on women's roles and behavior that had reigned through the nineteenth century • From Kathleen Yancey, K. (1989). English 102 Supplemental Guide, p. 145.