QUIT CHAPTER 13 The Great War 1914 1918

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QUIT CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Chapter Overview Time Line GRAPH MAP

QUIT CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Chapter Overview Time Line GRAPH MAP SECTION 1 The Stage Is Set for War SECTION 2 War Consumes Europe SECTION 3 War Affects the World SECTION 4 A Flawed Peace Visual Summary

HOME CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Chapter Overview With a political assassination,

HOME CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Chapter Overview With a political assassination, a complex system of alliances draws Europe into war. Some colonial subjects support the Allies, while others remain uninvolved. The Treaty of Versailles does little to build a lasting peace.

HOME CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Time Line 1914 (June) Archduke Franz

HOME CHAPTER 13 The Great War, 1914– 1918 Time Line 1914 (June) Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated. (July) Austria declares war on Serbia; World War I begins. 1916 (Feb. ) French and German battle at Verdun. 1918 (Nov. ) Allies defeat Central Powers; war ends. 1914 1918 1915 (Jan. ) Trench warfare underway on Western Front. (Feb. ) Gallipoli campaign starts in Turkey. 1917 (April) United States enters war.

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Key Idea Nationalism unifies countries in

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Key Idea Nationalism unifies countries in Europe but also leads to commercial and territorial rivalries. Bismarck forms the Triple Alliance, while Britain joins with France and Russia to form the Triple Entente. An assassination causes war to break out. Overview Assessment

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War TERMS & NAMES Overview • militarism

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War TERMS & NAMES Overview • militarism • Triple Alliance MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • Kaiser Wilhelm II In Europe, military buildup, nationalistic feelings, and rival alliances set the stage for a continental war. Ethnic conflict in the Balkan region, which helped start the war, continued to erupt in that area in the 1990 s. • Triple Entente Assessment

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Section 1 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the major events that led to World War I. 1882 Triple Alliance formed. 1890 German foreign policy changed. 1908 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1890 s European arms race 1907 Triple Entente formed. 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand wife killed. continued. . .

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Section 1 Assessment 2. Why might

1 HOME The Stage Is Set for War Section 1 Assessment 2. Why might the “machinery of war, ” set in motion by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, have been difficult to stop? THINK ABOUT • nationalism • militarism • the alliance system ANSWER Possible Responses: • Intense nationalism prompted nations to compete for superiority in all areas. • Militarism had led to the establishment of large armies, as well as to the glorification of military might. • The alliance system required its members to support one another in case of war. End of Section 1

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Key Idea European nations take up frontlines divided between

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Key Idea European nations take up frontlines divided between the Central Powers and the Allies. Despite major battles and terrible casualties, neither side advances. Overview Assessment

2 HOME War Consumes Europe TERMS & NAMES Overview • Schlieffen Plan • Central

2 HOME War Consumes Europe TERMS & NAMES Overview • Schlieffen Plan • Central Powers MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • Allies One European nation after another was drawn into a large and industrialized war that resulted in many casualties. Much of the technology of modern warfare, such as fighter planes and tanks, was introduced in World War I. • Western Front Assessment • trench warfare • Eastern Front

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Section 2 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Write the immediate reason why each nation listed below declared war on the other nation listed. War Declaration Reason for Declaration Germany on Russia Saw Russia’s troops along German border as threat Germany on France Wanted a quick victory in the west Britain on Germany Outraged over violation of Belgian neutrality continued. . .

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Section 2 Assessment 2. How was war on the

2 HOME War Consumes Europe Section 2 Assessment 2. How was war on the Western Front and Eastern Front different? How was it the same? THINK ABOUT • trench warfare • which nations fought on each front • war casualties ANSWER Possible Responses: Western Front—trench warfare; small land gains; Germany vs. Britain and France Eastern Front— Germans, Austrians, Turks vs. Russians and Serbs; absence of trenches; more mobile warfare; larger land gains Both—huge numbers of soldiers killed; mass destruction End of Section 2 of land; deplorable conditions; stalemates

3 HOME War Affects the World Key Idea The Allies expand the war beyond

3 HOME War Affects the World Key Idea The Allies expand the war beyond Europe. The United States enters the conflict. Citizens undergo rationing, and many women go to work in factories. Fresh American troops give the Allies an edge. The Kaiser abdicates, and an armistice is signed. Overview Assessment

3 HOME War Affects the World TERMS & NAMES Overview MAIN IDEA WHY IT

3 HOME War Affects the World TERMS & NAMES Overview MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW World War I spread to several continents and required the full resources of many governments. The war propelled the United States to a new position of international power, which it retains today. Assessment • unrestricted submarine warfare • total war • rationing • propaganda • armistice

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the reasons why the United States entered World War I. Reasons for United States Entry 1. Germans sink Lusitania, a British ship carrying some American passengers. 2. Germany returns to unrestricted submarine warfare, sinking U. S. ships. 3. Zimmermann note decoded—German note urging Mexico to take up arms against U. S. 4. Strong feelings of sympathy for the Allies continued. . .

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 2. In what ways was

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 2. In what ways was World War I truly a global conflict? THINK ABOUT • where the war was fought • who participated in the war effort ANSWER Possible Response: The war was fought in numerous places outside Europe: Africa, Southwest Asia, China, and the Pacific. People from many nations participated in the war effort, including colonial subjects throughout Africa and Asia. continued. . .

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 3. How did the concept

3 HOME War Affects the World Section 3 Assessment 3. How did the concept of total war affect the warring nations’ economies? THINK ABOUT • the governments’ new role in their economies • the scarcity of food and other products • the role of women • unemployment rates during the war years ANSWER Possible Responses: • Governments took greater control of economies, telling factories what and how much to produce. • Civilian factories were turned into munitions factories. • Rationing was common. • Women became a significant part of the work force. End of Section 3 • More people were put to work.

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Key Idea The Treaty of Versailles ignores

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Key Idea The Treaty of Versailles ignores Wilson’s Fourteen Points, creates new nations in Europe, and is rejected by the United States Senate. The war leaves millions dead and wounded and costs hundreds of billions of dollars. Overview Assessment

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Woodrow Wilson

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP TERMS & NAMES Overview • Woodrow Wilson • Georges Clemenceau MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW • David Lloyd George After winning the war, the Allies dictated a harsh peace settlement that left many nations feeling betrayed. Hard feelings left by the peace settlement helped cause World War II. • Fourteen Points • self-determination • Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations Assessment

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Section 4 Assessment 1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the effects of World War I. Millions of lives lost $338 billion cost Effects of WWI Land, towns, and villages destroyed Widespread disillusionment continued. . .

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Section 4 Assessment 2. Do you think

4 GRAPH HOME A Flawed Peace MAP Section 4 Assessment 2. Do you think the peace settlements at Versailles were fair? Why or why not? Consider the warring and nonwarring nations affected. THINK ABOUT • Germany’s punishment • the creation of new nations • the mandate system ANSWER Possible Responses: Fair: Germany was punished for its aggression, and numerous independence claims were addressed through the creation of new nations. Unfair: Germany was too harshly punished, and colonial peoples did not get their independence. End of Section 4