QUINOLONES FLUOROQUINOLONES First generation Fluoroquinolones Norfloxacin Ofloxacin Ciprofloxacin

QUINOLONES

FLUOROQUINOLONES • First generation Fluoroquinolones: Norfloxacin, Ofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin • Second generation Fluoroquinolones: Lomefloxacin, Levofloxacin, Pefloxacin • Third generation Fluoroquinolones: Sparfloxacin, Gatifloxacin, Moxifloxacin

Inhibit DNA synthesis

Antibacterial Spectrum • E. coli, Klebsiela, Proteus mirbalis • Shigella, Salmonellae, H. ducreyi, H. influenzae, • Staph. aureus, Strept. pneumoniae • Mycobacterium tuberculosis, • Legionella , Brucella, Chlamydia , Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Pharmacokinetics • Rapidly absorbed orally • Food delays absorption • High tissue penetrability : lung, sputum, muscle, bone, prostate • Excretion : - urine

Therapeutic Uses • • Complicated UTIs ; caused by Ps. aeuroginosa Bacterial diarrhea; especially by salmonella, shigella Typhoid fever Respiratory infections Urethral and cervical gonococcal infections Prostatitis Multidrug resistant tuberculosis

Adverse effects Fluoroquinolones are extremely well tolerated. • Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. • Headache, dizziness, insomnia, skin rash, or abnormal liver function tests • Damage growing cartilage • Tendinitis • Arrhythmogenic