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Quiet and Seated • • Back row grab books for their rows CE CNN Vocabulary Civil War Journal intro Lecture Journal Entries #1 & #2

Union Confederate

The Beginning of the American Civil War 16. 1

Civil War Journal Assignment • You need: – 5 sheets of paper – Fold hamburger style (3 staples along the side) – Create a cover page which represents you and your side (Union or Confederate) – Write your name and period on the back page • Each Journal entry will need to be at least a paragraph entry (5 -6 sentences) and an illustration!

Abraham Lincoln • Lincoln’s election of 1860 was the event that triggered the secession of the Southern states • S. C. declares their independence prior to Lincoln taking office. – More states will follow

War Erupts • When the Southern States seceded from the Union, they took over the federal forts within the Confederacy • Fort Sumter, commanded by Maj. Robert Anderson tried to hold onto the fort, but supplies were limited • Confederate Brigadier General Beauregard was sent to confiscate the fort

Lincoln’s Decision • Sending supplies = war • Doing nothing = turns a fort over to the rebels • Confederate leaders were informed by Lincoln that he was sending supplies • 4: 30 am April, 12, 1861 the island is bombarded – After 34 hrs of constant shelling, Anderson surrendered the fort – No one was killed – The war had begun Voice from the past (p. 481)

Lincoln Calls Out the Militia • 2 days after Ft. Sumter Pres. Lincoln asks for 75, 000 militiamen for 90 day enlistment – They didn’t think it would take long to put down the Southern uprising – Citizens of the North responded with enthusiasm to the call to arms. A New York woman wrote, “It seems as if we never were alive till now; never had a country till now. ”

• The governor of Kentucky said that the state would “furnish no troops for the wicked purpose of subduing her sister Southern States. ” • In the weeks that followed, Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas voted to join the Confederacy – Southern volunteers rushed to enlist, just as citizens did in the North

War Enthusiasm • Young men eagerly enlisted to join the war before it was over – sense of adventure • A young Arkansas enlistee wrote, “So impatient did I become for starting that I felt like ten thousand pins were pricking me in every part of the body, and started off a week in advance of my brothers. ”

• When Virginia seceded, Lee resigned from the United States Army and joined the Confederacy. • Although Lee opposed slavery and secession, he explained, “I cannot raise my hand against my birthplace, my home, my children. ” – Lee became the commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia

Choosing Sides • The border states—Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri – slave states that stayed in the Union • Western counties in Virginia broke away with the help of some federal troops (became West Virginia) • If Maryland seceded, then Washington, D. C. , would be cut off from the Union

Strengths & Weaknesses • The Union had huge advantages in manpower and resources – 22 million people – About 85 percent of the nation’s factories – 2 X the RR’s – Almost all the naval power and shipyards – Abraham Lincoln

The Confederate Advantages • Able generals, such as Robert E. Lee • Fighting a defensive war – (didn’t have to send supplies far) • Motivated to protect their homes from Northern invaders

Confederate Strategy • Defensive position – “All we ask is to be let alone, ” said Confederate President Jefferson Davis – King Cotton as a way to win foreign support • Back fired because of a European surplus

The Union Strategy • Bring the Southern states back into the Union • General Winfield Scott’s Anaconda Plan – Blockade – Control the Miss. River – Some of the Union leadership wanted an immediate attack on Richmond (Conf. capital) • Pres. Lincoln ordered an invasion in the summer of 1861

1 st Battle of Bull Run • On the way to Richmond, the Union Army had to defeat the Confederate troops near Manassas, VA. – July 21, 1861 Read page 485

Civil War Journal Assignment • You need: – 5 sheets of paper – Fold hamburger style (3 staples along the side) – Create a cover page which represents you and your side (Union or Confederate) – Write your name and period on the back page • Each Journal entry will need to be at least a paragraph entry (5 -6 sentences) and an illustration!

Entry #1 • Identify who you are and where you come from. How did you feel after you heard about Ft. Sumter? Describe your excitement/fear for joining the war.

Quiet and Seated • • • Back row grab books for their rows CE CNN Lecture Journal Entries #2 Vocab

Union Confederate

Life during the Civil War 16. 2

• Most soldiers were between 18 -30 years old – About half of the soldiers on both sides were farmers – Reasons for joining – going off to war was a chance for an exciting adventure, for glory, escape from the farm/factory, and some because their friends/family were going Charles Carter Hay was just 11 • Union Army – about 2, 000 soldiers – many immigrants served in the union • Confederate Army – less than 1, 000 Soldiers William Wilkins 83

• Most new troops received uniforms and equipment once they got to their army camp. • They slept in tents and followed a regimented schedule. • They trained, had guard duty, cleaned, cut wood, and dug trenches for latrines

• Union Uniforms = blue • Confederate Uniforms = gray or yellowish brown – It was rare to get anything that fit

New Technologies • Ironclads – Union - Monitor – Confederate - Merrimac • Rifling • Minie Ball https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IDTupj. Xb Nrc&list=PLNIsj 5 B_u. DSPDWhw. CQU 8 qzac. Hzr 04 p. SQx https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=d. Bj. JS 42 Vny. E

• The soldiers on both sides were experienced harsh conditions – They were often wet, muddy and cold from being outdoors and living in makeshift shelters. – Camps smelled awful – garbage, animal flesh, and latrines – Hygiene was poor – resulted in widespread sickness Read page 490 - Hardships

Civil War Surgical Kit https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=C 8 w. Tmw 7 F 4 Eg 1. Cauterizing iron 'red hot' used to stop bleeding. 2. Bullet probe used to find the bullet embedded in the body 3. Bullet extractor: Created during the Civil War and Indian wars. 4. Bone saw/cutter 5. Amputation knife 6. Tourniquet: arm/leg was inserted into center 'bands' 7. Retractor used to 'capture' blood vessels after amputations. 8. Bone chipper used after amputations 9. Used to drill a hole in the skull

Minimum of 1 paragraph per entry (5 -6 sentences) • Entry # 2 – Describe the conditions of camp life. What types of things you see, hear, and smell on a daily basis? Has you enthusiasm changed about going to war? – Describe how the rifling and minie ball changed the outcome of the war. • Work on your Vocabulary

Quiet and Seated • • • Back row grab books for their rows CE Lecture Journal Entries Vocab

No End in Sight Union Victories in the West • Ulysses S. Grant – strategy of war: “Find out where your enemy is, get at him as soon as you can, strike at him as hard as you can, and keep moving on. ” • Ulysses S. Grant – Commander of West – Victories gave Grant passage into the South • Early 1862, Grant’s forces captured 2 Confederate forts using ironclad gunboats in Tennessee 16. 3

• The Battle of Shiloh - April 6 -7 1862 • Albert S. Johnston, Con. commander on the Western front, decided to attack Grant at Pittsburg Landing before his reinforcements from Nashville arrived • Worst fighting of the war yet • Commanders on both sides were in the thick of the battle – W. T. Sherman had 3 horses shot out from under him – General Johnston was killed • Union: 13, 000 dead/wounded (1/4 of those who fought) • Confederacy: 11, 000 out of 41, 000 http: //www. history. com/news/4 -things-youmay-no-know-about-the-battle-of-shiloh

The Cost of War • Describing the piles of mangled bodies, General Sherman wrote home, “The scenes on this field would have cured anybody of war. ” • Congressmen criticized Grant for the high casualties and urged Lincoln to replace him. But Lincoln replied, “I can’t spare this man—he fights. ”

The Fall of New Orleans • April 25, a Union fleet led by David Farragut captured New Orleans • The fall of New Orleans was a heavy blow to the South. – Mary Chesnut of South Carolina, the wife of an aide to President Davis, wrote in her diary, “New Orleans gone—and with it the Confederacy. Are we not cut in two? ” • Only a 150 -mile stretch of the Mississippi remained in Southern hands

Journal Entries Entry #3 You have just been involved in your first real major battle (Battle of Shiloh), explain what happened there. Explain what General Sherman meant when he said, “The scenes on this field would have cured anybody of war. ” Entry #4 What was the effect on the South when they lost New Orleans to the Union? How did that fit into the Union’s plan for war?

Lee Claims Victories in the East • Spring of 1862, Mc. Clellan made his move to capture Richmond – got within a few miles • Lee sent Jeb Stuart and his cavalry to spy on Mc. Clellan – With about 1, 000 men, Stuart rode around the whole Union army in a few days and reported its size back to Lee

• Lee then attacked Mc. Clellan’s army • Seven Days’ Battles – June 25 –July 1, 1862 • Lee suffered heavier losses, but force Mc. Clellan to retreat • Lee saved Virginia & the Confederate Capitol

Lee Invades the north • Confed. victory in the North would make Lincoln seek peace • Allow VA. Farmers to harvest • Plunder of N. food • Inspire European involvement

Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland • Sept. 17, 1862 • Lee vs. Mc. Clellan • Mc. Clellan had Lee’s battle plans • Bloodiest day in all of U. S. history • No ground gained by either side • 25, 000 dead/wounded Read voice from past Page 497 http: //www. history. com/topics/americancivil-war/battle-of-antietam

Antietam • Lee retreated to VA. • Mc. Clellan did not follow – Blew a chance to finish Lee • Lincoln fired G. M. in Nov. 1862

Entry #5 Why did Lee invade the North? How did that affect your morale? Entry #6 Describe the Battle of Antietam. How did you feel when you found out about the finding of Gen Lee’s plans? What should Gen Mc. Clellan have done?

Class Assignment: • Title your paper Chapter 16 Review – Answer the 10 review questions

Civil War 17. 1

Calls for Emancipation • Throughout the war, abolitionists urged Lincoln to emancipate enslaved persons – Lincoln was criticized for not freeing the slaves – Slavery was so divisive, his priority was to preserve the Union • “If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it. If I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone, I would also do that. ” Lincoln

• By the summer of 1862, the war had taken a terrible toll. • If freeing the slaves helped weaken the South, then he would do it. • The Union victory at the Battle of Antietam provided a position of strength May – Sept = 51, 000+ Union casualties May – Sept 38, 500+ Confederate casualties

• January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which freed all slaves in Confederate territory • Freeing Southern slaves weakened the Confederacy, making the Emancipation a military action (within the Pres. powers) • Winning the war now had two purposes for the North = preservation and liberation

• The Emancipation Proclamation was met with great controversy – Some felt Lincoln should have done more – Northern Democrats thought it “monstrous, impudent, and heinous. . . insulting to God as to man. ” • Where ever the Union lines moved, slaves began to run toward them – Some began to enlist

African-American Soldiers • The Emancipation Proclamation declared that African-American men willing to fight “will be received into the armed service of the United States. ” • By war’s end, about 180, 000 black soldiers wore the blue uniform of the Union

• African-American soldiers were organized in all-black regiments, usually led by white officers. – given the worst jobs – paid less than white soldiers – Some regiments refused pay rather than accepting lower salaries

• The 54 th Massachusetts – Fought without pay – Commanded Col. Robert Shaw – Had two of Frederick Douglass’ sons – Became the most famous A. A. regiment after their heroic attack of the S. C. Fort Wagner • Their fame boosted A. A. enlistment – If captured, A. A. soldiers were not taken as prisoners, but often shot or returned to slavery

Journal Entries Entry #7 How did the news of the Emancipation Proclamation make you feel? Did Lincoln make a good decision by issuing this document? What does this document mean for the war? Entry #8 What was the 54 th Massachusetts regiment? What did they do that made them famous? What happened to African American enlistment as a result?

Papers & Presentations Due Next Class