Quick China Revision And I mean quick Warlord

Quick China Revision And I mean quick

Warlord China n n n n n The warlords took over after the death of? YUAN SHIKAI What was a warlord? MILITARY LEADERS WHO HAD OPPOSED YUAN AND HAD CONTROL OF AREAS OF CHINA. RULED BY MILITARY FORCE What was life like under the Warlords? Harsh conditions: high taxes, conscription, strict rule, punishments, almost civil war Who had opposed Yuan Shikai? SUN YATSEN What was the name of his political party? GUOMINDANG- GMD OR KMT

Communists and Guomindang n n n n n When was the CCP formed? 1921 What were the Guomindang’s ‘three principles’? NATIONAL FREEDOM, DEMOCRACY, PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD Who took over from Sun Yatsen in 1925? CHIANG KAISHEK What incident split the alliance between GMD and CCP? Shanghai massacre How would you describe the support for both sides? Communists- country , GMD- cities and towns

The Long March n n n n How would you describe the Long March? A FORCED RETREAT BY THE COMMUNISTS RESPONDING TO THE EXTERMINATION CAMPAIGNS OF THE GMD AND THE ‘BLOCKHOUSE’ STRATEGY How had the Communists tactics changed before the L. M? AT FIRST THEY LURED THE GMD IN CONCENTRATED ATTACKS, THEN THIS CHANGED TO FIGHTING HEAD ON BATTLES Where did the Long March take the Communists? NORTH, OVER THE DADU RIVER, OVER THE SNOWY MOUNTAINS, GRASSLANDS, YANAN How many started out? How many survived? NEARLY 90, 000. LESS THAN 10, 000 (approx!)

The Hundred Flowers Campaign n n When was the campaign introduced? 1956 Why was it introduced? FIVE YEAR PLAN HAD BEEN DIFFICULT, COMMUNISTS HAD LOST POPULARITY, SOME PEOPLE HAD BEGUN TO CRITICISE What did Mao say ‘the Hundred Flowers was for? FREE SPEECH WAS ‘HEALTHY’ AND A WAY OF ‘LETTING OFF STEAM How have some historians viewed it? AS A WAY OF FINDING OUT CRITICISM AND THEN CRACKING DOWN ON CRITICS Consequences of A Hundred Flowers? CENSORSHIP, THOUGHT REFORM, NO FREE SPEECH, PEOPLE SACKED FROM THEIR JOBS

THE GREAT LEAP FORWARD n n n n n What was the ‘Great Leap Forward’? MAKE CHINA AN INDUSTRIAL NATION, CATCH UP WITH WEST, IMPROVE AGRICULTURE, USE ENERGY OF THE PEOPLE- OVERTAKE UK, CATCH UP WITH USA Which system was supposed to help this happen? COMMUNES Which aspects of life did the Commune control? ALL. CRADLE TO GRAVE. LOCAL GOVT, PARTY, WORK, EDUCATION Give an example of how the Great Leap Forward worked BACKYARD STEEL CAMPAIGN / PROPAGANDA What were the consequences of the Great Leap Forward? CHAOS, THREE BITTER YEARS, FAMINE, RISE OF THE MODERATES, MAO SIDELINED- LONG TERM- CULTURAL REVOLUTION

The Cultural Revolution n n What did the ‘moderates’ and Mao disagree over? HOW CHINA SHOULD BE DEVELOPED- MODERATES WANTED MORE INCENTIVES FOR PEASANTS / BUILD UP INDUSTRY ALONG RUSSIAN LINES- MAO SAW THIS AS THE ‘CAPITALIST ROAD’- WANTED TO RETURN TO ORIGINAL AIMS OF COMMUNIST PARTY How did the Cultural Revolution begin? MAO LAUNCHED ‘SOCIALIST EDUCATION MOVEMENT’. FOUR CLEAN UPS CAMPAIGN What helped Mao regain control? SUPPORTED BY LIN BIAO, ABOLITION OF RANKS IN PLA, LITTLE RED BOOK, STUDENTS FORMED INTO ‘RED GUARDS’ What were the other key features of the Cultural Revolution? SCHOOLS CLOSED, CURRICULUM REWRITTEN, FOUR OLDS CAMPAIGN, VIOLENCE, RENAMED PLACES, BREAKDOWN OF LAW AND ORDER, 400, 000 PEOPLE KILLED What is meant by the ‘cult of Mao Zedong’? How was it created? HERO WORSHIP OF MAO-740 million copies of L. R. B sold, STATUES, PICTURES OF MAO EVERYWHERE, IMPRISONMENT OF HIS OPPONENTS

Best of luck with your exams!