Questions With a partner answer the following questions

  • Slides: 22
Download presentation
Questions �With a partner, answer the following questions: Explain three similarities that you see

Questions �With a partner, answer the following questions: Explain three similarities that you see between Rome and Greece. Compare and contrast Rome with Persia. Why did Rome not have city-states? Why did Greece?

From Republic to Empire

From Republic to Empire

Growing Inequality �Senate becoming more powerful and more elite �Small farmers losing land to

Growing Inequality �Senate becoming more powerful and more elite �Small farmers losing land to patrician class – moving to cities in search of work �Gracchus brothers (Tiberius and Gaius) suggest redistributing land from the rich to the poor – they are murdered by Senators (133 BCE)

A New Role for the Army �New idea from Marius (Roman general): recruit landless

A New Role for the Army �New idea from Marius (Roman general): recruit landless poor to serve in army who swore an oath of loyalty to the general - not the government �Legacy: concentrated power in hands of individual generals Military becomes an attractive tool for ambitious men

Questions �Why were more people moving to the cities? �How did Marius change the

Questions �Why were more people moving to the cities? �How did Marius change the role of the army?

Collapse of the Republic � 83 -31 BCE – 50 years of civil war

Collapse of the Republic � 83 -31 BCE – 50 years of civil war with individuals competing for power �A group of three senators step in to take control and bring order to Rome…

The First Triumvirate �Caesar, Pompey, Crassus = unofficial alliance in the Senate �Caesar is

The First Triumvirate �Caesar, Pompey, Crassus = unofficial alliance in the Senate �Caesar is out conquering Gaul (France) – his success leads to popularity amongst the plebians �Crassus dies in battle > Pompey elected sole consul (afraid of Caesar’s growing popularity)

Civil War/The Reign of Julius Caesar � Caesar invades Italy by crossing the Rubicon

Civil War/The Reign of Julius Caesar � Caesar invades Italy by crossing the Rubicon River and defeats Pompey’s army (Civil War) Side Note: Pompey flees to Egypt – Caesar follows him and allies with Cleopatra in her attempt to take control from her brother � Caesar wins and is named “dictator for life” Granted Roman citizenship to many people in the provinces Expanded the Senate – Why? Created jobs with new construction projects Started colonies were the landless to go and own land Increased pay for soldiers � Who would like Caesar’s rule and who would not?

Questions �What is a triumvirate? �Why did Caesar invade Italy? �What group of people

Questions �What is a triumvirate? �Why did Caesar invade Italy? �What group of people supported Caesar?

The Second Triumvirate �After Caesar’s assassination, civil war breaks out �Caesar’s 3 main supporters

The Second Triumvirate �After Caesar’s assassination, civil war breaks out �Caesar’s 3 main supporters band together to crush the assassins: Octavian (Caesar’s heir) Antony (Caesar’s ally) Lepidus (Caesar’s commander) �Second Triumvirate = official alliance

The Death of the Republic �After crushing Caesar’s opponents, Octavian and Antony come into

The Death of the Republic �After crushing Caesar’s opponents, Octavian and Antony come into conflict with each other Antony allies with Cleopatra VII of Egypt and falls in love Octavian destroys army and navy of Antony and Cleopatra (31 BCE) and they both commit suicide �Consequence: Octavian is sole ruler of Roman world

The Age of Augustus (31 BCE – 14 CE) �Octavian Augustus (“the revered one”)

The Age of Augustus (31 BCE – 14 CE) �Octavian Augustus (“the revered one”) �Gives some power back to Senate and becomes first Roman imperator (emperor) �Highly popular but still controls army

The Age of Augustus �Glorified Rome with buildings �Set up a civil service program

The Age of Augustus �Glorified Rome with buildings �Set up a civil service program (paid workers to run the government) �Adopted a capable man as his son, so that leadership passed to a good leader Side Note: most Roman senators did not realize that the Republic was over at first. They still had power but were just directed by Augustus. It wasn’t under Augustus names his own heir that many realize that the Republic was dead and they were now being ruled by an Emperor.

Questions �How did Augustus come to power? �Why did Antony ally with Cleopatra? �How

Questions �How did Augustus come to power? �Why did Antony ally with Cleopatra? �How were the politics of the Roman Empire similar to and different from the era of the Roman Republic?

Pax Romana (Roman Peace) � 27 BCE – 180 CE �Time of peace (except

Pax Romana (Roman Peace) � 27 BCE – 180 CE �Time of peace (except for some fighting with tribes along the borders) �Roman Empire = 3 million square miles �Border = 10 million miles long How do we protect this massive border? �Population = 60 -80 million people � 90% of population = farmers �Reign of the “Five Good Emperors” – ends with the death of Marcus Aurelius Gladiator? !) (anyone seen

Questions �Identify one characteristic of the Pax Romana �Identify another characteristic of the Pax

Questions �Identify one characteristic of the Pax Romana �Identify another characteristic of the Pax Romana

Life in the Roman Empire �Women nearly equal to men Could own property and

Life in the Roman Empire �Women nearly equal to men Could own property and testify in court Could not vote “Officially” in the background – but often ran the show �Slavery Mostly conquered people Some became gladiators Occasionally, slaves would rebel but none were successful

“Bread and Circuses” �Extreme inequality between the rich and poor �Government provides free games,

“Bread and Circuses” �Extreme inequality between the rich and poor �Government provides free games, races, mock battles, and gladiator contests �By 250 CE, there were 150 holidays in one year �Why?

The Decline �After the Pax Romana the Roman Empire begins to decline. �Next class

The Decline �After the Pax Romana the Roman Empire begins to decline. �Next class we will study some of the many reasons that the empire went into decline and eventually fell.