Questions 36 42 Fat and Protein 36 Fat

Questions 36 - 42 Fat and Protein

36. Fat Digestion • 34 65 52 39 30 Which treatment would LEAST likely affect the uptake of fatty acids into the epithelial cells of the small intestine after a SINGLE fat meal? A. Co-consumption of a drug which prevents emptying of the gall bladder would prevent efficient digestion of fat B. Co-consumption of a drug to prevent the formation of bile salts in the liver bile salts already in the gall bladder C. Substituting 50% of the fat in the meal with Olestra only half the fat would be available D. Co-consumption of a pancreatic lipase inhibitor with the meal would not be able to digest the fat E. Co-consumption of a compound that prevents the formation of micelles would not be able to emulsify the fat – lipase wont work

37. Chylomicrons • Which statement BEST DESCRIBES chylomicrons? A. Lipoproteins that carry dietary fat to the peripheral tissues looking good! 175 13 19 3 9 B. Discs of phosopholipid that mop up loose cholesterol in the blood stream a description of HDL C. Milky droplets formed from the churning of a lipid/salt mixture in the small intestine chyme D. Microscopic droplets excreted by tissues that have too much cholesterol no such thing E. An emulsion of fat and protein in the stomach not sure that this exits

38. Fate of Dietary Fat • Which statement regarding the disposal of dietary fat is CORRECT? A. Fat is transported around the bloodstream in micelles made from bile salts lipoproteins made from phospholipid 47 14 12 20 126 B. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL) transport dietary fat from this is chylomicrons the intestine to the liver C. Unsaturated fat goes to the liver, but saturated fat goes to the not distinguished peripheral tissues D. Lipoproteins are taken up into cells before being acted on by lipoprotein lipase all the hydrolysis in capillaries E. Peripheral tissues encounter dietary fat before the liver chylomicrons delivered via the lymph

39. LDL metabolism • 24 144 31 11 5 What would be a consequence of taking a drug that inhibited Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) uptake? A. A decrease in the rate of cholesterol synthesis by the peripheral tissues. rate UP, no LDL-chol coming in B. An increase in the concentration of LDL in the bloodstream C. Decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol D. Decreased intestinal absorption of fat E. Prevention of bile salt synthesis seems obvious – genetic defect too no relevance perhaps less, liver takes up LDL?

40. Role of HDL • Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the role of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL)? HDL different & LDL already fat depleted A. HDL is formed by the removal of fat from LDL 7 16 8 13 171 B. HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is secreted into the bloodstream made in the liver – but close C. HDL is assembled in the peripheral tissues and is secreted into the lymphatic circulation wrong in both ways D. A high HDL: LDL ratio is positively correlated with heart disease opposite… but positively unfair really E. HDL is produced by the liver and picks up cholesterol from the periphery exactly

41. Essential Amino Acids • Which statement is CORRECT? A. Essential amino acids are made into protein but non-essential amino acids are used for energy all proteins contain a mix 5 188 7 14 6 B. Consumption of a large amount of non-essential amino acids will not counteract insufficient consumption of essential amino acids horrid double negative (sorry) – but true C. Essential amino acids are only found in animal products no – but some plant products deficient in specific essentials D. Aspartate, glutamate and alanine are all essential amino acids easy to work out that all are NON-essential E. A deficiency in one essential amino acid intake will increase the storage of the other 19 amino acids a deficiency in just one aa makes ANY protein synthesis hard

42. Disposal of excess amino acids • 17 76 107 12 5 Which statement BEST DESCRIBES the fate of amino groups derived from the catabolism of amino acids in muscle? most come out as alanine A. The amino groups are mainly excreted from the muscle as ammonia so no B. The amino groups are mainly excreted from the muscle as urea made in liver C. The amino groups become linked to pyruvate for transport to the liver yes, aminated pyruvate is alanine D. The amino groups are stored on pre-existing proteins by converting glutamate residues in proteins to glutamine would change the protein function! E. The amino groups are stored on pre-existing polynucleotides by converting thymine bases to cytosine similarly crazy!