Question What is classical conditioning How do you

Question What is classical conditioning? How do you think it is used?

Demo • I need 4 volunteers for an experiment – You need to be willing to get hit? ! – But I promise I wont actually hurt you

Pair Demo a) Students will pair up and decide who will be the subject and who will be the experimenter. The subject will sit and relax for 2 minutes. He will then take his pulse for 30 seconds, multiply by two, and record this as his "resting pulse. b) The experimenter will tap a pencil five times on the desk and immediately have the subject stand up and hop on one leg for 30 seconds. He will take his pulse rate again, double it and record it as "Hop #1. This procedure will be repeated four more times, and data recorded each time. c) Now the subject will sit and relax until his pulse returns to the initial resting pulse rate. The experimenter will then tap the pencil five times and the subject will take his pulse without having to hop. He will record the data

What were the results • What did you find out while working on this experiment • What do you think this demo had to do with classical conditioning? • Can you define classical conditioning from performing this demo?

Classical Conditioning http: //www. spike. com/video/ office-jim-trains/2820493

Classical Conditioning • Type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a reflexive response that was originally evoked by a different stimulus. • Ex. = Tapping the desk with a ruler causes someone to flinch • Ex. = Tapping a pencil five times increases your heart rate

Classical Conditioning • Theory began with – Ivan Pavlov • Found that when a bell was paired with food several times……. • Dog would then salivate by the sound of a bell without the presence of food • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=hhqu mfpxuzl

How it works

How it works

How it works

How it works define the following • UCS: Unconditioned stimulus • UCR: Unconditioned response • NS: Neutral stimulus • CR: Conditioned response

Extinction • This is a gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of the CR tendency. Extinction occurs from multiple presentations of CS without the US. • For example, Pavlov's dogs stopped salivating when the dispenser sound kept occurring without the meat powder following.

Classical conditioning in everyday life • Conditioned Fear & Anxiety - many phobias that people experience are the results of conditioning. • Bridge fear

Classical conditioning in everyday life • 2. Advertising - modern advertising strategies evolved from John Watson's use of conditioning. The approach is to link an attractive US with a CS (the product being sold) so the consumer will feel positively toward the product just like they do with the US.

Classical Conditioning in everyday life 3. A Clockwork Orange - No additional information necessary! If you haven't seen this movie or read the book, do it. You will find it very interesting, and a wonderful example of conditioning in action http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_NMze p. Se. PD 4&NR=1

Operant Conditioning • a type of learning in which voluntary (controllable; non-reflexive) behavior is strengthened if it is reinforced and weakened if it is punished (or not reinforced)

Operant Conditioning • The main difference between Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning is: – Classical = Reflex – Operant = Non-reflexive • Preformed to gain some kind of reward • Ex. Gambling

Operant Conditioning • http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=te. Lo NYv. Of 90

Operant Conditioning • In Positive Reinforcement a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a positive condition. For example: • A hungry rat presses a bar in its cage and receives food. The food is a positive condition for the hungry rat. The rat presses the bar again, and again receives food. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of receiving food.

Operant Conditioning • In Negative Reinforcement a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of stopping or avoiding a negative condition. For example: • A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative condition for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar again, and again the shock stops. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of stopping the shock.

Operant Conditioning • In Punishment a particular behavior is weakened by the consequence of experiencing a negative condition. For example: • A rat presses a bar in its cage and receives a mild electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative condition for the rat. The rat presses the bar again and again receives a shock. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is weakened by the consequence of receiving a shock.

Operant Conditioning • In Extinction a particular behavior is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing a positive condition or stopping a negative condition. For example: • A rat presses a bar in its cage and nothing happens. Neither a positive or a negative condition exists for the rat. The rat presses the bar again and again nothing happens. The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is weakened by the consequence of not experiencing anything positive or stopping anything negative.