Quasi vitamins Lipoic acid Domina Petric MD Coenzyme

Coenzyme • Lipoic acid (6 -thiocytic acid) is an essential cofactor for the oxidative

Coenzyme • In that catalysis, the amide form, lipoamide, undergoes reversible acylation/deacylation to transfer

Coenzyme Lipoic acid occupies a critical position in energy metabolism, regulating the flow of

Antioxidant • The ability to undergo interconversion between disulfide (lipoic acid) and sulfhydryl (dihydrolipoic

Dietary sources Lipoic acid is present in a wide variety of foods at low

Health effects Lipoic acid has been found to reduce signs of vitamin C and

Diabetes Clinical trials with type II diabetic subjects have found lipoic acid treatment to:

Multiple sclerosis • A trial with patients with multiple sclerosis indicated that lipoic acid

Literature • Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc.

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Quasi vitamins: Lipoic acid Domina Petric, MD

Coenzyme • Lipoic acid (6 -thiocytic acid) is an essential cofactor for the oxidative decarboxylations of α-keto acids where, linked to the ε -amino group of a lysine residue of the enzyme dihydrolipoyl transacetylase, it is one of several prosthetic groups in the multienzyme, lactate dehydrogenase complex. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Coenzyme • In that catalysis, the amide form, lipoamide, undergoes reversible acylation/deacylation to transfer acyl groups to Co. A as well as reversible redox ring opening/closing, which is coupled with the oxidation of the α-keto acid. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Coenzyme Lipoic acid occupies a critical position in energy metabolism, regulating the flow of carbon into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Antioxidant • The ability to undergo interconversion between disulfide (lipoic acid) and sulfhydryl (dihydrolipoic acid) forms enables lipoic acid to function as a metabolic antioxidant, quenching reactive oxygen species and other free radicals and chelating prooxidant metal ions. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Dietary sources Lipoic acid is present in a wide variety of foods at low levels. The best sources are tissues rich in mitochrondia (heart, kidney) or chloroplasts (dark green leafy vegetables such as spinach). In these foods, most of the factor appears to occur bound to lysyl residues in proteins. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Health effects Lipoic acid has been found to reduce signs of vitamin C and vitamin E deficiency in rodent models, and to increase tissue levels of reduced glutathione. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Diabetes Clinical trials with type II diabetic subjects have found lipoic acid treatment to: • increase glucose clearance • reduce blood glucose levels and lipid peroxidation products • reduce the severity of cardiovascular neuropathy 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Multiple sclerosis • A trial with patients with multiple sclerosis indicated that lipoic acid may be useful in treatment by reducing serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and reducing T-cell migration into the central nervous system. 26. 10. 2020. Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008.

Literature • Combs GF. The Vitamins. Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health. Elsevier Inc. 2008. 26. 10. 2020.