Quarks The smallest stuff in the universe Rocks

Quarks The smallest stuff in the universe

Rocks

Fire

Water

What is everything made of? • • • Dirt + water = plants Birds must contain air, since the fly Fish must contain water, since they swim. Humans walk so they must contain dirt. Log + Fire = charcoal Green rocks + lots of fire = copper

Early Greek model of everything

But there are way too many things

But if you could chop things into the tiniest pieces possible

You get an atom

They invented Chemistry to find the atoms

How many atoms are there?

Maybe a different grouping?

If you can group them. .

Atoms make Molecules

…. of chemistry

Until Rutherford….

The “Rutherford Atom”

“Chadwick Atom”

…. of atomic theory

A mystery!

Magnetic force

Bubble Chamber

Bubble chamber

Suppose you have a watch

Suppose you have a watch that you can’t open

How an atom smasher works

How an atom smasher works

How an atom smasher works

Large Hadron Collider

Atom Smasher

Particles in an event

We keep finding more stuff!

Too much stuff again

Su(3) - There is a pattern

You just need some quarks

6 Quarks and 6 Leptons

3 Quarks make a proton

Helium atom with quarks

All the quarks

4 forces of Nature

Gluons hold quarks together

All (matter) particles

You can’t get a quark free