Quantum Mechanics Tests With Neutral Mesons by Beatrix
Quantum Mechanics Tests With Neutral Mesons by Beatrix C. Hiesmayr University of Vienna Projects FWF-P 21947 N 16 and FWF-P 23627
Outline “Testing Foundational Issues of QM in High Energy Physics” K-mesons are unique!! Today: Collapse Models prediction of the collapse rate
Quantum Theory Quantum theory is very successful (=all experiments are in agreement): Schrödinger equation: • linear differential equation • deterministic • reversible MEASUREMENT Hamiltonian superposition (wave packet reduction): • nonlinear • stochastic • irreversible
Measurement Problem When do we call a system microscopic or macroscopic? Kopenhagener Interpretation: does use the concept, but does not define it! Is there a border between a quantum and classical world? And if, where is it? Is there some universal theory describing both regimes ?
Interference of massive objects Viennese group around Arndt, 1999 C-60 (Fullerene)
Is there a fundamental limit?
Why do we see no macroscopic superpositions? One solution (existence nontrivial!): COLLAPSE MODELS (Ghirardi-Rimini-Weber, 1986) postulate a mechanism of collapse (dynamical process) universal theory microscopic macroscopic mesoscopic new behaviour Experiments
General properties of such theories • Nonlinear (allowing breakdown of superpositions during measurement) • Stochastic (must explain why events are randomly and distributed to the Born probability rule; negligible for micro such that Schrödinger evolution deterministic; is need otherwise we could have faster-than-light communication) • ->Non unitary evolution (to allow processes from micro to macro [amplification mechanism]) • ->Should NOT allow for superluminal signalling since we want the causal structure of space-time
Guiding Principles • preferred basis on which reductions (spontaneous localization) takes place for each particle a mean localization/collapse rate l • an amplification mechanism from micro to macro time interval between two successive localisation processes is governed by the Schrödinger equation coherence length r. C
Collapse model strength of collapse nonlinear stochastic differential equation: Schrödinger equation generators of collapse Wiener process
Collapse model Nonlinear stochastic differential equation: Experiment: stochastic average White (uncoloured) refers to independent and identically distributed growths of d. W, with a zero expectation value and a standard deviation proportional to dt.
Most advanced collapse model Effective Schrödinger equation: CSL…continuous spontaneous localization (1990 Ghiradi, Pearle and Rimini, mass dependence Pearle and Squires, 1994) QMUPL…quantum mechanics with universal position localisation
Bounds on Collapse Models Experimental bounds on collapse models from gravitational wave detectors M. Carlesso, A. Bassi, P. Falferi, A. Vinante, ar. Xiv: 1606. 04581 Ghiradi, Rimini, Weber: Adler: C. Curceanu, B. C. Hiesmayr, and K. Piscicchia, J. Adv. Phys. 4, 263 (2015)
What about mesons?
K-mesons dynamics K-mesons Bd-mesons Bs-mesons D-mesons
Connecting flavor with spatial space CSL coherence length r. C
Computations…lengthy/involved Dyson series…up to second order
Wiener process in Dyson series Correlation functions: Heaviside function Which value to choose? … time symmetric choice
Results CSL Mass-eigenstate evolution: no effect if
CSL collapse models for mesons Mass-eigenstate evolution: Flavor evolution: disentangles effect on interference and decay!!! Can be compared with experiments: M. Bahrami, S. Donaldi, L. Ferialdi, A. Bassi, C. Curceanu, A. Di Domenico and B. C. Hiesmayr Nature: Scientific Reports 3, 1952 (2013) S. Donadi, A. Bassi, C. Curceanu, A. Di Domenico and B. C. Hiesmayr Foundations of Physics: Volume 43, Issue 7 (2013)
Tests possible with kaons, neutrinos and molecules? ? ? M. Bahrami, S. Donaldi, L. Ferialdi, A. Bassi, C. Curceanu, A. Di Domenico and B. C. Hiesmayr Nature: Scientific Reports 3, 1952 (2013) Ghiradi, Rimini, Weber:
Rates Produced by Collapse Models ? ! Decay rates dynamically generated by classical collapse field? Way out? Alternative: Simonov & Hiesmayr, PRA (2016)
Deriving the absolute masses - Absolute masses (no role in standard QM) PRA (2016)
CSL collapse rate from exp. data à rate depends only on mass difference and the two decay rates à surprising close to expected region (except K-mesons) à FINE TUNING
Bounds on Collapse Models Experimental bounds on collapse models from gravitational wave detectors M. Carlesso, A. Bassi, P. Falferi, A. Vinante, ar. Xiv: 1606. 04581 Ghiradi, Rimini, Weber: Adler: C. Curceanu, B. C. Hiesmayr, and K. Piscicchia, J. Adv. Phys. 4, 263 (2015)
What is the meaning a non-zero Heaviside function? Correlation functions: Heaviside function Which value to choose? … time symmetric choice only relevant in the Dyson expansion if amplitudes of different orders `meet’ ghosts? !
Schrödinger-Newton equation + nonlinear time evolution of self-gravitating quantum matter (mass density ~m|Y|2); Diosi-Penrose à semi-classical mean-field limit of gravitating relativistic field dynamics (Großardt&Giulini 2014) A. Großardt, B. C. Hiesmayr, Phys. Rev. D 91, 064056 (2015) Which mass is coupling to the gravitational field? ?
Open Questions? Somehow all such collapse models give observables sensitive to the overall phases (=absolute masses) for mesons. • Why is this not the case in standard mechanics? Can it be experimentally measured via these predictions (upper bounds)? • Of course, all results still without CP violation! • Used uncolored (white) noise? How does colored noise change results?
Thank you for Your attention! www. quantumparticlegroup. at
Entanglement-Quantum Correlations e- F-meson s s e+ Anti-symmetric maximally entangled Bell state: . . . spin 1/2. . . qubit. . . photon. . . molecules. . . (single) trapped ion 1935: Einstein-Podolsky. Rosen High Energy Physics . . . K-mesons. . . B-meson
Quantum Correlations Photons Kaons No decay Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Correlations
52 YEARS since… Are Bell inequalities violated for neutral K-mesons ? 1964 Hobby: Foundations of QM Bell’s Theorem 1964: John St. Bell CP violation world anti-world
Conclusive test for kaons sensitive to CP violation !!! Bell inequality Bound
Ekert-Cryptographic Protocol
and deduced for every image point the quantum informatio n. The quantum indicators shows no abnormal values. We can be sure that Univ. of Vienna 2011, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Univ. of Vienna 2011, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr The doctor says your quantum information is all right. You’ll be out of here and back on the sofa in no time. ©Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
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