Quaestor Tribune Aedile Censor Praetor Consul Cursus Honorum

Quaestor, Tribune, Aedile, Censor, Praetor, Consul “Cursus Honorum” – list of government positions for patricians; plebs had possibility of Tribune and Aedile only

Palatine hill (“palace”); first hill of Rome

Second Triumvirate Augustus, Lepidus, Marc Antony

frigidarium Bath cold room

Hannibal Military leader of Carthage in the Punic Wars

Cursus Honorum For Patricians: Quaestor, Aedile, Censor, Praetor, Consul For Plebs: Tribune, Aedile

Servian Wall 6 th king’s early wall around Rome

cena Dinner

calidarium Bath hot room

toga praetexta Boy’s toga

Aventine hill

nd 2 Punic War Romans fought with Carthage; Hannibal and elephants over Alps

toga virilis Man’s toga

Augustus First Emperor (27 B. C. )

Lucius Tarquinius Superbus 7 th king; kicked out of Rome

Vespasian, Titus Roman Emperors who built Colosseum (around when Pompeii was hit by Vesuvius, 79 -81 BC)

Capitoline hill (“capitol” – government buildings here)

tepidarium Bath luke-warm room

retiarius Gladiator – “net man”

Tarpeian Rock Traitors thrown to their deaths; named after traitor who fell off it first, Tarpeia

consuls Two “co-pres. ” rulers, preside over senate

Pompeii, Vesuvius, Herculaneum, Stabiae, Misenum, Pliny Cities on the Bay of Naples, hit by volcano Vesuvius; natural scientist who died during eruption

ientaculum breakfast

Cincinnatus Patrician, 450 B. C. – called to rule as a dictator in crisis; gave back power willingly, after. Model citizen.

SPQR Socius Populusque Romanus; Roman Senate and People – gov’t symbol

Battles of Trebia, Trasimene, Cannae, and Zama 2 nd Punic War; 3 Carthage wins in Italy, 1 Roman win in Africa

Gaius Marius and Sulla Gaius Marius revolutionized the military, so the people loved him Populares (party of Marius) vs Optimates (part of Sulla) political civil war