QOD Which kingdom does not have a cell
- Slides: 49
QOD: Which kingdom does not have a cell wall? How do organisms in that kingdom survive without protection from a cell wall? LG: Explain the three parts of the cell theory. LG: Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles
QOD: How do your cells get energy? LG: Explain the three parts of the cell theory. LG: Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles
8/27 QOD: What will we need for the post zombie apocalypse community? LG: Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles
QOD: – Why do cells have cell walls? What is the evolutionary advantage? LG: Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles
9/1 QOD: What is a vesicle and how is it moved? LG: Explain individual function and interrelatedness of organelles HW: NOTECARDS!
THE DISCOVERY OF THE CELL The Cell Theory 1. All living things are made up of cells. 2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. 3. New cells are produced from existing cells. Cells – the basic unit of life
CELLULAR STRUCTURE & FUNCTION Cells are like cities because they have many parts that allow them function efficiently.
WHAT IS AN ORGANELLE? specialized structure that performs important cellular functions “little organ”
CELL WALL Type of Cell: All except animal Structure: Rigid outer layer of cell. Slightly different composition for different types of cells Function: Support Protection
CELL MEMBRANE Type of Cells: All cells Structure: Phospholipid Bilayer Thin, flexible Function: Control movement in and out of cell Selectively permeable – only let certain substances in and out of the cell
CYTOPLASM Types of Cells: � All cells Structure: Clear, thick jelly-like material Function: Support cellular organelles
NUCLEUS Types of Cells: Eukaryotic Cells (Plant, Animal, Fungi, Protist) Structure: Large, oval shape Near center Double membrane with nuclear pores (holes) Function: Contains and protects DNA (genetic information) Controls the cell
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONTROL MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF THE CELL? A. B. C. D. Nucleus Cell wall Cell membrane Cytoplasm
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS DO NOT HAVE A CELL WALL? A. B. C. D. Animal Plant Bacteria Fungi
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE FOUND IN ALL CELLS THAT SUPPORTS ORGANELLES? 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell membrane Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell wall
WHAT ORGANELLE IS THIS? 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome
DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID) � Types of Cells: � � � All cells Inside nucleus in eukaryotic cells or in middle of prokaryotic cells Structure: � � Double helix of nucleic acids DNA is coiled to form chromatin and wound up even more into organized packages of DNA called chromosomes � Function: � � Genetic information (“blue- print of life”) Contains the code for making proteins
NUCLEOLUS � Types of Cells: � � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: � Small round structure inside the nucleus � Function: � Makes ribosomes
DNA IS LOCATED IN WHAT KIND OF CELLS? 1. 2. 3. 4. Plant Animal Bacteria All of the above 0
THE CLEAR, JELLY-LIKE SUBSTANCE THAT MAKES UP THE CONTENTS OF THE CELL BETWEEN THE CELL MEMBRANE AND THE NUCLEUS IS CALLED? 1. 2. 3. 4. Chloroplast Vesicle Cell wall Cytoplasm
VACUOLE Types of Cells: � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: Fluid-filled sacs Larger in plants Function: Stores waste, food, water for later use
LYSOSOME Types of cells: Animal cells � Some protists � Structure: Small, round compartment that holds digestive enzymes Function: Breakdown large food particles Digest old cell parts “Clean up”
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE VACUOLE? 1. 2. 3. 4. Transport materials Control the cell Store water and nutrients Protect the cell
CYTOSKELETON A network of protein fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm Microtubules & Microfilaments
MICROFILAMENTS � Types of Cells: � � All Cells Structure: Twisted chains of proteins � Thinnest protein fibers in the cell � � Function: Help maintain shape and supports the cell � cause cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells �
MICROTUBULES Types of Cells: Eukaryotic Structure Hollow tubes made of Protein Function � Facilitate the movement of vesicles � Motor proteins
CILIA & FLAGELLA (ONLY FOUND IN CERTAIN TYPES CELLS) Flagella Cilia Structure: Tiny hair-like projections on the outside of certain cells Function: Moves materials around the outside of the cell Ex: cells found in the lining of the trachea (windpipe) Moves mucus and dirt out of the lungs Can be found in some prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells Structure: Long whiplike tail Function: Moves the cell Ex: sperm cells
WHICH ORGANELLE IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLEANING UP THE CELL AND DIGESTING OLD DEAD CELL PARTS? 1. 2. 3. 4. Rough ER Smooth ER Cytoplasm Lysosome
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF FLAGELLA? 1. 2. 3. 4. Digestion of food Movement of cell makes lipids Contains DNA
RIBOSOME “I LOVE RIBOSOMES!!!” Types of Cells: All Cells Structure: Small organelles made of RNA No membrane Floating free in the cytoplasm or attached to Rough ER Function: Help make proteins
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) � � Type of Cells: � � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: Network of folded tubes or membranes � ROUGH ER: Ribosomes attached � SMOOTH ER: Nothing attached � Function: Rough ER: help make proteins � Smooth ER: makes lipids (AKA FATS) Make and package materials (proteins or lipids) into transport vesicles �
VESICLE Types of Cells: � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: membranous sac Moves along the microtubules. Function: transport of materials made by the cell (lipids and proteins) Secrete materials to the outside of the cell
GOLGI APPARATUS Location: � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: Flattened membranous sacs (like a stack of pancakes) Function: Modifies lipids & proteins Package materials into secretory vesicles to send them outside of the cell
ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM
WHAT ORGANELLE IS THIS? 1. 2. 3. 4. Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytoplasm Lysosome
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTION OF RIBOSOMES? 1. 2. 3. 4. Make lipids Make proteins Control the cell Package and transport materials
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE SMOOTH ER? 1. 2. 3. 4. Make lipids Control cell movement Store nutrients Help make proteins
MITOCHONDRIA Types of Cells: � Eukaryotic (plant, animal, fungi, protist) Structure: Bean-shaped organelle with folded inner membranes Function: Convert energy (Glucose to ATP) Cellular Respiration occurs here Convert food, oxygen, and water into useable energy
CHLOROPLAST Types of cells: Plant Cells ( and some protists) Structure: Green ovals containing chlorophyll (green pigment) Function: Convert energy from the sun to make food for the plant (photosynthesis)
ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS Endosymbiotic theory – Mitochondria and chloroplasts, the two energy related organelles, arose when a large eukaryotic cell engulfed independent prokaryotes This explains why they have a double membrane and why they have genetic material separate from the nucleus
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIA? 1. 2. 3. 4. Make lipids Make proteins Control the cell Make energy
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANELLES ARE FOUND ONLY IN PLANT CELLS? 1. 2. 3. 4. Mitochondria Chloroplast Golgi apparatus Lysosomes
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CELLS DO NOT HAVE NUCLEI? 1. 2. 3. 4. Plant Animal Eukaryote Prokaryote
ALL CELLS HAVE 1. 2. 3. 4. Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Cell Wall Cell Membrane
PLANT CELLS VS. ANIMAL CELLS
https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=61 DRm SFg. SFA
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