q IEC TC 120 WG 1 Terminology PT

q 리튬이온전지 관련 국제기준(IEC TC 120) 의결 전 의결 후 WG 1 : Terminology PT 6 XXX : system aspects & gap 컨비너 국가 (Candidate) 이탈리아 (Mr. Noce) 미국 analysis (Mr. Franks) WG 2 : Parameters and Testing 일본 Methods (Mr. Honzawa) WG 3: Planning and Installation WG 4: Safety and Environmental Issues WG 4: Environment WG 5: Safety 독일 (Mr. Schmitt) 한국 (Mr. Rho) 프랑스 (Mr. Demissy) 17

q Safety용(Class-1 E급) 전원공급장치 단선도 <CLASS 1 E 9 -841 -E 140 -001 (DC 125 V Line) 1/2> 30

q Non-Safety용(Non-Class급) 전원공급장치 단선도 <NON-CLASS 1 E 9 -841 -E 140 -004 (DC 125 V Line) ½> 31

q Non-Safety용(Non-Class급) 전원공급장치 단선도 <NON-CLASS 1 E 9 -841 -E 140 -004 (DC 250 V Line) 2/2> 32

q Safety용(Class-1급) 부하특성(1/2) Continuous loads Non-continuous loads Load description Load in ampere Solenoid valve loads 27. 2 Inverter 595 Class 1 E Medium & low voltage switchgear 0. 8 Ch. A EDG control current 15 AFW Steam_driven PP turbine governor control 639 Solenoid valve loads 30. 9 Inverter 595 Class 1 E Medium & low voltage switchgear 0. 8 Ch. B EDG control current 15 control Total Load in ampere None 1 Total AFW Steam_driven PP turbine governor Load description None 1 642. 7 33

q Safety용(Class-1급) 부하특성(2/2) Class 1 E Ch. C Solenoid valve loads 6. 6 Inverter 595 Medium & low voltage switchgear 0. 8 No load current of the SI and SDS inverter Class 1 E Ch. D 48 Total 650. 4 Solenoid valve loads 9. 4 Inverter 595 Medium&low voltage switchgear 0. 8 No load current of the SI and SDS inverter Total None 48 653. 2 34

q Non-Safety용(Non-1급) 부하특성(1/2) Continuous loads Non-1 E Non-continuous loads Load description Load in ampere Solenoid valve loads 51. 3 Inverter 595 IPS Inverter 357 Medium&low voltage switchgear 8. 4 Annunciator 44. 1 Total 1055. 8 Solenoid valve loads 28. 5 Inverter 595 IPS Inverter 357 Div. 1 Non-1 E Div. 2 Medium&low voltage switchgear 7. 8 Annunciator 36. 3 Total 1024. 6 Load description Emergency Lighting Load in ampere 81. 3 ELOP 34. 8 Total 116. 1 Emergency Lighting 87. 6 ELOP 69. 6 Total 157. 2 35

q Non-Safety용(Non-1급) 부하특성(2/2) Inverter 178. 5 TBN Bldg RAD Bldg Total 178. 5 Solenoid valve loads 48. 4 Inverter 119 Low voltage 0. 7 Annunciator 8. 8 Total 176. 9 Inverter 119 Medium & low voltage switchgear AAC Bldg EBOP 174 ESOP 123. 6 Total 297. 6 Emergency Lighting Total 21 21 0. 7 None AAC generator control 15 Annunciator 1. 2 Total 135. 9 36

q 원전용 전원공급장치 배터리용량산정 예 CLASS 1 E 9 -841 -E 140 -001 (DC 125 V Line) - 2800 AH(2 h) 116 / CH. A&B - 4200 AH(8 h) 174 / CH. A&B - (1400 AH X 2 Sets)of( 2. 05 V X 58 in parallel) - (1400 AH X 3 Sets)of( 2. 05 V X 58 in parallel) - Capacity : 350 kwh - Capacity : 600 kwh NON-CLASS 9 -841 -E 140 -004 (DC 125 V Line) NON-CLASS 9 -841 -E 140 -004 (DC 250 V Line) - 3600 AH(2 h) 116 / CH. A&B - 3200 AH(2 h) 116 / CH. A&B - (1800 AH X 2 Sets)of( 2. 05 V X 58 in parallel) - Capacity : 800 kwh - Capacity : 450 kwh NON-CLASS 9 -841 -E 140 -003 (DC 125 V Line) - 3600 AH(2 h) 116 / CH. A&B - (1800 AH X 2 Sets)of( 2. 05 V X 58 in parallel) - Capacity : 450 kwh 38

q Class별 납축전지(1400 AH, 2 V) 사양서 43

q Class별 납축전지(1400 AH, 2 V) 사양서 BATTERY SPECIFICATION (PS-1400 E(ED) 2 V, 1400 AH) 44

q 리튬이온전지 용어정의 * NCM : Li(Ni. Co. Mn)O 2 cathode material * LFP : Li. Fe. PO 4 cathode material * LCO : Li. Co. O 2 cathode material * NCA : Li. Ni. Co. Al. O 2 cathode material * LMO : Li. Mn 2 O 4 * SFL : Safety Functional Layer * Si. Ox : Silicon Oxide Anode material 62

q Specification 67

q High Temp. Discharge특성(85 deg. C) Test Condition Step 1 : 0. 2 C 2. 00 V Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 2 : 1. 0 C 3. 60 V 0. 05 C Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 3 : 1. 0 C 2. 00 V Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 4 : 1. 0 C 3. 60 V 0. 05 C Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 5 : Aging time 2 HRS @ 85 deg. C Step 6 : 2. 0 C 2. 00 V Cut-off @ 85 deg. C NO Capacity Watt Cell Temp Before After Rate (%) Before After Delta 2. 0 C #1 1067 1112 104. 3% 3. 404 3. 563 104. 7% 85. 4 86. 7 1. 3 2. 0 C #2 1065 1068 100. 3% 3. 401 3. 422 100. 7% 85. 4 86. 5 1. 1 2. 0 C #3 1064 1090 102. 4% 3. 396 3. 493 102. 8% 85. 4 86. 9 1. 5 2. 0 C #4 1069 1093 102. 1% 3. 415 3. 503 102. 5% 85. 6 87. 0 1. 4 2. 0 C #5 1069 1113 104. 2% 3. 410 3. 568 104. 7% 84. 5 86. 4 1. 9 Average 1067 1095 102. 7% 3. 405 3. 510 103. 1% 85. 3 86. 7 1. 4 69

q LFP 배터리 충전전압 vs. 충전효율 분석 ▶ LFP 기준 충전 전압 3. 60 V충전을 100% 설정 ▶ 3. 40 V 충전시 기준전압 충전용량대비 90%이상 충전 가능 ▶ CC구간 90%이상 충전되며, CV구간에서는 10%수준 충전됨 4. 40 4. 30 4. 20 4. 10 4. 00 3. 90 3. 80 3. 70 3. 60 3. 50 3. 40 3. 30 3. 20 3. 10 3. 00 2. 90 2. 80 2. 70 2. 60 2. 50 1200 3. 40 V Charge 3. 45 V Charge 3. 50 V Charge 3. 55 V Charge 3. 60 V Charge 3. 65 V Charge 3. 70 V Charge 3. 75 V Charge 3. 80 V Charge 1000 800 600 Current(m. A) Voltage(V) LFP Charging Profile Analysis 400 200 CC 충전 구간 CV 충전 구간 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Time(min) 60 70 80 90 100 70

q 장기저장 Performance ▶ 원전 비상전원으로 10~20년 Target 사용 가능한 배터리 Solution적용 ▶ Self Discharge 가속 Factor 검증으로 25℃ → 85℃ 검증 ▶ 아레뉘우스 법칙 열화 Factor가속계수는 64배 (25℃ vs. 85℃) ▶ 85℃ 220일 = 상온 14, 080일(38년) / Battery End of Life : 열화률 50% 적용 ▶ 극한 고온환경에서의 배터리 Performance 확보 85℃ Storage Recovery Capacity Profile (%) 110% 100% 90% Capacity(%) 80% 25℃ 180일 Recovery Capacity 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 Time (Day) 7272

q 배터리 부동충전 Performance ▶ UPS 부동충전 적용성 검증으로 안전성 확보 여부 판단 ▶ 60℃ 고온 가속Test 환경에서의 550일 부동충전 시험으로 Performance 확보 ▶ Cell CID Open 및 Cell절연 파괴 문제 발생하지 않음 4. 0 50 3. 9 45 3. 8 40 3. 7 35 3. 6 30 R 11 Q 3. 80 V 3. 5 25 3. 4 20 R 11 Q 3. 80 V curr 3. 3 15 3. 2 10 3. 1 5 3. 0 0 600 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time(Day) 400 450 500 550 Current(m. A) Voltage(V) Trickle Charge @60℃550 Days (R 11 Q) 73

q 배터리 과방전(“ 0”V) 후 정상회복여부 확인 ▶ 배터리 과방전 Mode상황 “ 0”V 장기 방치 했을 경우 정상 회복 가능성 확인 ▶ 배터리 “ 0”V 상태로 30일 유지 후 회복용량 100% 구현 Test Condition Step 1 : 1. 0 C 14. 40 V 0. 025 C Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 2 : 1. 0 C 8. 00 V Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 3 : 1. 0 C 14. 40 V 0. 05 C Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 4 : 10 W 0 V 30 Days Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 5 : 1. 0 C 14. 40 V 0. 025 C Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Step 6 : 1. 0 C 8. 00 V Cut-off @ 25 deg. C Capacity 2000 m. Ah 2200 m. Ah 2600 m. Ah 2800 m. Ah 3000 m. Ah Chemistry NCM+LMO(6: 4) NCM 523 NCM+LMO(7: 3) LCO 4. 20 V LCO+NCM LCO 4. 30 V LCO 4. 35 V Cu Corrosion 0. 08 V -0. 19 V -0. 17 V 0. 28 V 0. 08 V 0. 25 V 0. 24 V 1100 m. Ah LFP -0. 24 V 1500 m. Ah NCA NCM+LMO -0. 11 V 0. 05 V No Before(m. Ah) After(m. Ah) Recovery Rate(%) 5 Days 4356. 12 4412. 00 101. 3% 15 Days 4360. 09 4417. 29 101. 3% 30 Days 4391. 70 4454. 22 101. 4% 74

q 극한 안전성 실험 1 (외부열원) ▶ 외부 열원으로부터 안전성 확보여부 검증 (250℃ 60 min Hot Plate Test) ▶ 발화/폭발 현상 없으며, 누액현상만 발생함 Temperature setting 11 min : electrolyte leakage 12 min : smoke & leakage Test Start after 8 min : a little smoke 15 min : no more reaction 60 min : Test End 75

q 극한 안전성 실험 4 (전기적) ▶ 고압 과충전 발생에 따른 안전성 확보 여부 검증 ▶ 10 V/Cell, 100 V/Cell, 300 V/Cell, 600 V/Cell ▶ 600 V/Cell 과충전 Mode까지 Cell Self Protection 동작으로 Safe Mode확보함 1. 0 C 10 V 1. 0 C 100 V 1. 0 C 300 V 1. 0 C 600 V 78

q Safety Design (Cell & Pack Level) ▶ Cell 안전성 및 Pack (Energy Storage) 안전성 Solution 확보 Cell Level • Safety Vent • CID (Current interrupt device) • Separator shout down • UL 1642 • KC • IEEE 1725 • IATA/UN • PSE (JIS C 8712, C 8714) External Short Mechanical Abuse Electric Abuse Thermal Abuse Pack Level LIB • Propagation protection (thermal architecture : Hardware Mechanical Design) • Over charge protection (safety circuitry : BMS) • Over discharge protection (safety circuitry : BMS) • Over temperature protection (safety circuitry : BMS) • Short circuit protection ( fusing and safety circuitry : Tray & Master Fuse) • Mechanical protection (structural support : Steel Case) • CE Safety & Reliability Approval 85

q LFP 리튬이온전지 사양(Rate Capability) 87

q LFP 리튬이온전지 사양(Rate Capability) Current Capacity (Ah) Energy (Wh) DCH. Time (min. ) % of 2 A Capacity % of 2 A Time 2 A 1. 109 3. 48 33. 26 100% 100. 00 4 A 1. 102 3. 38 16. 53 99. 37 49. 70 6 A 1. 100 3. 31 11. 00 99. 19 33. 07 10 A 1. 096 3. 19 6. 57 98. 93 19. 75 15 A 1. 091 3. 06 4. 37 98. 38 13. 14 20 A 1. 083 2. 94 3. 25 97. 66 9. 77 30 A 1. 050 2. 63 2. 10 94. 68 6. 31 88

q Standard Tray Design Tray configuration Tray Specification Spec 11 Q (LFP) Cell model 8 S-60 P Composition Nominal Voltage 26 V Voltage (V) SOC 100% Operating Design (Ah) Capacity (KWh) Operating 20 V ~ 28. 8 V 60 Ah 1. 56 KWh Dimension 430 x 88 x 635(2 U) Weight (Kg) About 30 kg Cycles Life 3, 000 Cycles↑ Calendar Life 15 years Operating Temp -20~70℃ 94

q Standard Rack Design Rack configuration Rack Specification Spec 11 Q (LFP) Cell model 40 S-180 P (Tray 5 S 3 P) Configuration Voltage (V) Nominal Voltage 130 V SOC 100% Operating 100 V~ 144 V (Ah) Capacity (KWh) Max (A) 180 A (W) 23. 4 KW Charge Discharge Dimension 23. 4 KWh W 600 x D 760 x H 2100 Weight (Kg) 470 kg Master BMS BM 300 Communication [ Standard Tray 15 EA ] 180 Ah Design Back-up Time TCP/IP or CAN 4 HR (0. 25 C Rated Condition) 95