Pyschology 40 s Riverton Collegiate Institute Psychology 40

Pyschology 40 s Riverton Collegiate Institute Psychology 40 S Instructor: Mr. Ewert

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODS Topic 1: Introduction 1. 1. 1 Define psychology, and list and explain its goals. 1. 1. 2 Describe and compare the biological, behavioural, cognitive, sociocultural, humanistic, and psychodynamic perspectives. 1. 1. 3 Explore career opportunities in the major subfields of psychology. Topic 2: Research Methods 1. 2. 1 Describe and compare quantitative and qualitative research strategies. 1. 2. 2 Explore how statistics are used in psychological research. 1. 2. 3 Explore ethical issues in psychological research. 1. 2. 4 Discuss the development of psychology as an empirical science.

Chapter 1 The Study of Psychology Goals for Chapter 1 1. Define personality, psychologist, and psychiatrist 2. Discuss and apply 4 goals of psychology 3. Research fields of psychology 4. Review the history of psychology 5. Summarize the contemporary perspectives in psychology 6. Discuss and summarize methodologies

Disappearing Definition � PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of behavior, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

� PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ____, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

� PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ____, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a _______ adaptation to life.

� PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of ____, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a __________ to life.

� PERSONALITY- The distinct ____ of ____, including ____ and____, ____ characterize a __________ to____.

� PERSONALITY- The ________ of ____, including ____ and____, ____ characterize a __________ to____.

� NOW you can write it in your notebook!

� PERSONALITY- The distinct patterns of behavior, including thoughts and feelings, that characterize a person’s adaptation to life.

How do we study personality? � PSYCHOLOGY- The science that studies behavior and mental processes or cognition.

Behavior Every aspect of an organism’s functioning, including overt behavior, thought, emotion, and physiological activity. � These functions may or may not be directly observable. � Involves the study of all aspects of behavior. �

Cognition � Includes the mental processes like dreaming, feeling, thinking, remembering, or problem solving. � Not usually directly observable.

Who studies personalities? � PSYCHOLOGIST- A person trained as a professional in science of psychology � PSYCHIATRIST- A medical doctor who specializes in the study and treatment of psychological disorders � Psychoanalyst- : usually a psychiatrist who have done additional training in the technique of psychoanalysis.

Four Goals of Psychology DESCRIPTION – Gather information and find facts EXPLANATION – Create hypotheses, research and test the hypotheses, and construct theories PREDICTION – What will an organism do? What will it think or feel? CONTROL – Seek to influence or control behavior in helpful ways

History of Psychology � � � Stucturalism Functionalism Behaviorism Gestalt Psychoanalysis History of Psychology Jeopardy

Current Approaches � � � Biological/ Biophysiological Humanistic Psychoanalytical Cognitive Behavioral Sociocultural

Biological Approach � � � Understanding the function of behaviour through research in genetics, neurochemistry, hormones and nervous system physiology. Twin studies, CAT, PET, EEG, MRI Sample research question: Do genes affect your intelligence and personality?

Humanistic � � Each person is a unique and complex organism with the capacity to reach his or her full potential. We are not controlled by environmental or unconscious forces Individual or self-directed choices Sample research question: Do I believe I can prepare for and pass the test?

Psychoanalytical Approach � � � Unconscious motivations and the influence of sex and aggression on our behaviour. Psychoanalysis through free-association and dream analysis. Sample research question: How have negative childhood experiences affected the way I handle stressful situations?

Cognitive Approach � � � The study of mental processes, such as, thinking, perception, memory and problem solving. How we process, store, and retrieve information influences our behavior. Sample research question: How does caffeine affect my memory?

Behavioral Approach � � � How cognitive processes like thinking and feeling, as well as observable behavior impact our personality. Events in our environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior. Sample research question: Can good study habits be learned?

Sociocultural Approach � � Looks at how culture, gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic status affect how we think, feel, and behave. Sample research question: How do people with different genders and ethnicities interact with one another?

Subfields of Psychology � � � � Clinical Counseling School Industrial-Organizational Developmental Social Experimental

Clinical � � The largest group of psychologists. Evaluate mental and emotional problems, administer and assess personality tests and treat people with behavior problems. Help people deal with their personal problems. Work in private offices, mental hospitals, prisons and clinics.

Counseling � � � A psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living. Help people adjust to less severe emotional or personal problems. Work in clinics, schools, industrial firms.

School � Administer and interpret aptitude or intelligence tests for placing students.

Industrial-Organizational � � Improve working conditions, moral. Design training programs/counseling Plans to improve employee job satisfaction Design equipment and aid in marketing plans through research on consumer interest.

Developmental � Research and explain how humans change over time. � Child development � Lifespan

Experimental Research fundamental causes of behavior � � � COGNITIVE Perception Memory Thinking Problem solving � � PSYCHOBIOLOGY Biological Processes