Putting the puzzle together Connecting the Hyper SAS

Putting the puzzle together: Connecting the Hyper. SAS with Breve. Buster absorbance spectra, fluorometer, extracted chlorophyll and MODIS data. Blake A. Schaeffer, D. Kamykowski, J. M. Morrison, S. Banks, A. Mc. Culloch, and W. V. Sweet

Introduction • The Galapagos harbors such great diversity because of its positioning in a complex transition zone between tropical, subtropical and upwelled waters. • Only place in the world where hammerhead sharks, penguins, and sealions co-exist on the same sub-tidal reef.

Introduction • Three major current systems influence the Galapagos. • Cool southern currents from the Humboldt (Peru) system influencing the southern islands. • Warmer Panama currents that influence the northern islands. • Strong, large-scale Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) upwelling in the western archipelago.

Focus • The EUC is the major oceanographic feature affecting production in the Galápagos, and is strongly associated with local biogeography of marine species. • Galápagos biogeography/marine ecosystem heterogeneity is a function of oceanographic patterning over small spatial, seasonal and inter -annual scales.

Goals • Hyperspectral information combined with Breve. Buster absorbance spectra, fluorometer, extracted chlorophyll and MODIS data will identify variability of phytoplankton biomass throughout the Galapagos. • Hyperspectral information will elucidate phytoplankton taxonomy of the Galapagos with the support of HPLC pigment analysis, particulate absorption spectra and Breve. Buster data.

Methods • Sierra Negra • 70 hydrographic stations • 12 days

Methods Phytoplankton tows • Phytoplankton – 20 mm net – 20 meters depth Filtration • Filtration – Surface only – Extracted chlorophyll a – Particulate absorption spectra • Seapoint FL – Top 2 meters bin average Seapoint Fluorometer

Methods • MODIS – Chlorophyll a – Sea. DAS v 4. 9 • Breve. Buster – In situ spectrometer Breve. Buster – – Phytoplankton class spectral Mote Marine Aquarium libraries Hyper. SAS – Day and night travel • Hyper. SAS – 166 -channel Mini. Spec radiance and irradiance sensors – Day travel only

084 March 2005 Chlorophyll a (mg/L) Wet season Panama current dominates. 089

324 November 2005 Chlorophyll a (mg/L) Transition from garua (dry) to wet season. Panama current replaces Peru current. 347

181 June 2006 Chlorophyll a (mg/L) Transition from wet to garua (dry). 190

MODIS chlorophyll a show similar trends to extracted chlorophyll a, but less agreement in range. MODIS chlorophyll a shows similar trends and range to Seapoint FL chlorophyll a. Hyper. SAS identifies variability not present in MODIS chlorophyll a.

Remote sensing reflectance

Chlorophyll a Phycocyanin Carotenoids Chlorophyll a Particulate absorption

Particulate absorption spectra

Breve. Buster Phytoplankton Class ID

Breve. Buster Phytoplankton Class ID

Phytoplankton Tows

• Particulate absorption spectral library • Remote sensing reflectance 4 th derivative analysis • Hyper. SAS phytoplankton class spectral library • Poster: 4. 28 -P Today 12: 00 – Seasonality of phytoplankton distributions in the Galapagos Marine Reserve Chlorophyll a? – Chemtax Carotenoids? • HPLC pigment analysis Chlorophyll a? Future work

Questions? Thank you!