Put the following events in correct order by

Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 5. 1. _____FDR devalues the dollar to about sixty cents in gold in an attempt to raise domestic prices. 2. _____Congress passes numerous far-reaching laws under the pressure of a national crisis and strong presidential leadership. 3. _____Republican attempts to attack the New Deal fall flat, and FDR wins reelection in a landslide. 4. _____FDR’s frustration at the conservative Supreme Court’s overturning of New Deal legislation leads him to make a drastic proposal. 5. _____Passage of new federal pro-labor legislation opens the way for a new union group and successful mass labor organizing.

The Great Depression Brother can you spare a dime?

OBJ #1 - Describe the CAUSES and SPARK of the Great Depression. How did Overproduction affect both farmers and industry? What system collapsed and caused millions to lose their savings? Explain how buying on Margin created the Spark. How did people lose money because of the spark? I. OBJ #1 - Cause & Spark of the Depression A. Causes of the Depression 1. Overproduction, too much stuff (Factories and Farms) a. Factory Workers begin to get layed-off - Workers cannot buy goods, even more goods are overproduced b. Farmers Can’t Survive -low prices (can’t pay loans / make a living) c. Supply & Demand- Prices Drop 2. Bank Failures a. Banks close and loose $$$ b. People default on loans (Can’t pay Back) c. Banks cannot cover their deposits, because it was lent out to bad creditors **5, 000 banks close between 1929 -1932** d. People loose entire LIFE SAVINGS

1920’s Problems Factories making Too Much, Farms growing too much BANKS Have NO $$ PEOPLE LOST SAVINGS & JOBS Factories Fire Workers (Don’t need them) NO ONE TO HELP! Farm Prices fall (Farmers can’t make $$) Banks Close because they have no money: Loans have not been paid back, can’t give people their savings Farmers & Factory Workers can’t pay back loans to Banks: DEFAULT!!

People Default on Loans + Banks have no money to give people Banks Close = People Loose savings

OBJ #1 - Cause & Sparks of Depression B. SPARK!!! Of the Depression 1. Stock Market Crash, Black Thur. Oct. 29, 1929 a. Summer 1929, Investors begin to sell stocks b. Supply & Demand Again – Massive Sell-Off and prices begin to ______ 2. How? ? ? a. Buying on Margin (Borrowing $$) - Buy stock by just paying a small portion of what the stock is worth ex. - 100 shares at $10= $1000 only pay $300 still owe $700 -Problem, stock crashes and you loose your money and can’t payback stock broker - stock broker can’t pay back bank

OBJ #1 - Cause & Sparks of Depression QUICK REVIEW: Causes: 1. Overproduction 2. Bank Closings Spark: 1. Stock Market Crash Results: 1. Unemployment 2. Life Savings Lost

Cause and Effect of the Stock Market’s Great Crash in 1929 • • Causes 1 2 3 4 THE GREAT CRASH EFFECTS • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4

While the stock market plunged, Americans lost faith in the economy. A new problem arose: There was little or no money Banks invested millions into the stock market With the crash, the people demanded their money America suffered The Terrible Banks Runs (worse than Montezuma’s Revenge)

Banks could not produce cash and failed (closed) Bank Closures: 1929 = 642 1930 = 1329 1931 = 2298 1932 = 2116 People who never speculated on stocks were broke too! People lost. Jobs, dignity, lifestyle and their homes!

Reading Charts can classify complex information for ready reference. In this chapter, they are an effective way to present the many New Deal laws, agencies, and programs. The chart dealing with the Hundred Days is on p. 827, and that dealing with the later New Deal on p. 831. Answer the following questions. 1. Which Hundred Days agency whose primary purpose was recovery also contributed to relief and reform? 2. List three Hundred Days actions that were aimed primarily at recovery. 3. List three later New Deal measures aimed primarily at reform. 4. Which later New Deal law aimed primarily at relief also contributed to recovery and reform? 5. Which was the last of the later New Deal laws aimed primarily at providing relief? 6. Compare the two charts. What can you conclude about the Hundred Days compared to the later New Deal, in relation to their relative emphasis on the three goals of relief, recovery, and reform? In which of the areas do you see the most continuity of purpose?

Many who lost their houses now lived in “Hoovervilles” Nicknamed for President Hoover, they were shanty towns built on vacant lots and public lands

The collapse of the stock market signaled the collapse of industry. 12 million people were unemployed. Thousands took to the roads, drifting, hoping to find some job. Many tried to go to California (the only state not affected) but they were turned back at the border with violence.

Some took to riding the rails - The Hobos Just make sure you watch for the bulls (railroad police) or you may get thrown from a moving train!

Millions of people went hungry A once proud nation was forced to accept handouts and beg for food and shelter. 2/3 of children suffered malnutrition. Did you know Al Capone was a hero to many during the Depression? He opened public soup kitchens to feed the poor!!

In the 1930’s the Great Plains began to blow away! 1920’s - plentiful rain allowed farmers to plow land that wasn’t fit for farming. Then the droughts came in the 1930’s The sun baked the land creating An enormous Dust Bowl

19 states made up the Dust Bowl States *crops died *cattle died *topsoil swirled in the air when the winds blew *dust storms blew tons of dirt away from the plains (as far as the East Coast) Many families gave up and moved away in their cars with what they could carry!

Map Discrimination Using the maps and charts in Chapter 33, answer the following questions. 1. TVA Area: In which four states was most of the Tennessee Valley Authority located? 2. TVA Area: How many major TVA dams were located in (a) Tennessee and (b) Alabama? 3. Labor Union Membership in Selected Countries, 1913– 2007: Which two major industrialized nations had the lowest percentage of unionized workers before the onset of the Great Depression in 1930? Which two had the highest percentage of unionized workers? 4. Labor Union Membership in Selected Countries, 1913– 2007: Which two nations had the lowest percentage of unionized workers in 1950, after the Great Depression and World War II. Which two nations had the highest percentage of such workers in 1950?

The Dust storm - or how to strip the paint off your house in 30 minutes!!!

People left the Dust Bowl states for a better life anywhere! The “Arkies” from Arkansas and the “Okies” from Oklahoma headed west. *over 300, 000 fled from Texas The Dakotas, Kansas and Nebraska They also moved west to the promised land…. California! But California didn’t want them And sent many wandering elsewhere

Hoover believed the Depression would correct itself and no intervention was needed by the government What did Hoover do? ? Hawley Smoot Tariff Act - 1930 Raised import tariffs to 49% to protect American markets Moratorium on debt repayment from European nations (to stop spread of Depression to Europe)

But when “prosperity was” not “just around the corner” Hoover did try…. . - “rugged individualism” - Increase charities to help - Federal Farm Board purchase grain and cotton to bolster crop prices - Reconstruction Finance Corporation - RFC Emergency loans to rr’s, banks, and financial institutions to “prop them up” But it was all too little and too late! Americans would demand a change!!!!

Election results 1928 Election Results 1932

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt is elected in a landslide! -governor of New York Pledged a “New Deal” for the American people……. . But he would have to wait for several months to get to business Hoover’s lame duck presidency Roosevelt refused to work with Hoover and neither would the Congress!!

20 th Amendment = (1933) Shortened period between inauguration and the taking of the office of President from March to January FDR would take office The Brain trusts - best scholars, economists, business leaders, and businessmen to come up with ideas to end the Depression!!! (fyi - not one single New Deal program was a “new” idea. They had all been proposed before but rejected) Roosevelt promised America the three R’s

The First 100 Days!!! Nearly all of the New Deal laws were enacted Congress rubber stamped everything Beer and wine revenue act Legalized beer and wine Led to repeal of prohibition 21 st Amendment 1932