Push factors versus pull factors Why did immigrants

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 • Push factors versus pull factors Why did immigrants leave their homes to

• Push factors versus pull factors Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA? – Forced military service, rigid social/economic systems, religious persecution, famine – Lots of available jobs in the USA, democracy, fluid social/economic structures

 • 1900: ½ of immigrants were from Europe Why did immigrants leave their

• 1900: ½ of immigrants were from Europe Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA? – Atlantic Voyage – Steerage: cheapest option on bottom of the boat – Ellis Island in New York City – Moved into ethnic neighborhoods

 • Asian immigrants – China Why did immigrants leave their homes to move

• Asian immigrants – China Why did immigrants leave their homes to move to the USA? • Mid-1800 s: overpopulated, underemployed, severe famine • Gold rush in California • Taping Rebellion left 20+ million dead • Jobs on the transcontinental railroad – Japan • Industrialization disrupted economy and left many unemployed – Angel Island in San Francisco

How were immigrants treated when they arrived in the USA? • Nativism: native-born people

How were immigrants treated when they arrived in the USA? • Nativism: native-born people & limiting immigration – Fear of losing dominant religion – Fear of cheapening American labor • Government policies to limit immigration – Bans on convicts, poor, and disabled – 50 cent tax per immigrant – Chinese Exclusion Act

How did growing populations impact cities? • Urban population tripled between 1870 -1900 •

How did growing populations impact cities? • Urban population tripled between 1870 -1900 • Reasons to live in cities – Cheaper, more jobs, better standard of living, and entertainment

 • Growth of the modern city – Shortage of land How did growing

• Growth of the modern city – Shortage of land How did growing • Build up, not out = populations impact skyscrapers cities? – Mass transit • Horsecars, cable cars, subways – Lack of infrastructure • Improper sewage and waste disposal • Increase in crime • More fires

 • Upper class – Built huge structures in How did economic inner cities

• Upper class – Built huge structures in How did economic inner cities classes affect cities? • Middle class – Moved away from city centers to suburbs • Working class – 3 out of 4 lived in tenement apartments

 • Working Americans had free time for the first time What kind of

• Working Americans had free time for the first time What kind of • Art and literature entertainment was – Realism: Everyday, common values available in cities? • Saloons served as political centers • Amusement parks—Coney Island • Sports – Boxing, baseball, and football • Vaudeville theater with dancers, animals, acrobats