Pure water does not conduct an electric current

Pure water does not conduct an electric current Source of electric power Pure water Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 215

Ionic Solutions conduct a Current Source of electric power Free ions present in water Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 215

Electrolytes (a) Nonelectrolyte Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. (b) Weak electrolyte (c) Strong electrolyte

Electrolytes - solutions that carry an electric current strong electrolyte Na. Cl(aq) Na+ + Cl- Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 290 weak electrolyte HF(aq) H + + F- nonelectrolyte

Structure of Sucrose • Table sugar • C 6 H 12 O 6 H C HO CH 2 OH C H O H C OH H H CH 2 OH O C H C OH C CH 2 OH C C O OH Zumdahl, De. Coste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 469 H

Korey Stringer 1974 - 2001 Korey Stringer was a professional football player for the Minnesota Vikings. He collapsed during practice from excessive heat and died the following day.

Electrolyte Imbalances Electrolyte Normal range (mmol / L) Excess Defiency Sodium Na+ 135 - 145 Hypernatremia (increased urine excretion; excess water loss) Hyponatremia (dehydration; diabetesrelated low blood p. H; vomiting, diarrhea) Potassium K+ 3. 5 – 5. 0 Hyperkalemia (renal failure, low blood p. H) Hypokalemia (gastointestinal conditions) Hydrogen carbonate HCO 3 - 24 - 30 Hypercapina (high blood p. H; hypoventilation) Hypocapnia (low blood p. H; hyperventilation; dehydration) Chloride Cl- 100 - 106 Hyperchloremia (anemia, heart conditions, dehydration) Hypochloremia (acute infections; burns; hypoventilation)

Effect of Salinity on Cells no change isotonic solution hemolysis hypotonic solution crenation Timberlake, Chemistry 7 th Edition, page 312 hypertonic solution

Isotonic (a) Cells in dilute salt solution Hypotonic (b) Cells in distilled water Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved. Hypertonic (c) Cells in concentrated salt solution