Punnett Squares and Pedigrees Unit 2 Lesson 5

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be

-Please make notes legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a

• Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon

l Punnett Square: A tool/diagram used for understanding the patterns of heredity l Used

• When a man and women decide to have a child, who determines

• Use the Punnett Square below to help you. XX=Female XY=Male Copyright© 2010

• Use the Punnett Square below to help you. XX=Female XY=Male Who determines

• Answer! The male, he is the only one who carries the Y

• What is the probability that a dice will land on 6? Copyright©

• Answer: The odds and 1 -6 or 16. 67% Copyright© 2010 Ryan

• People who look at this machine do not understand probability. Copyright© 2010

• This machine keeps track of the colors and numbers on roulette. Copyright©

• This machine keeps track of the colors and numbers on roulette. –

• History doesn’t determine probability in mathematics. If the probability is 50/50, it

“Dude” “Black is hot right now. ” “Bet Black. ” Copyright© 2010 Ryan P.

• Roulette isn’t a 50/50 chance of winning because of the two green

“Jeepers!” “Probability showed I would lose and I did. ” “How did this happen?

• Now, the probability that if you flip a coin four times, is

• Genetics deals heavily with probability, or the likelihood that a particular event

l l Genetics deals heavily with probability, Probability is the mathematical chance of a

l Use the Sample Problem on pg. 140 to complete #8 on pg. 141.

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have green color?

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have green color? 50%

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have yellow color?

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be tall? T=Tall T=short

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be tall? T=Tall T=short 75%

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be short? T=Tall T=short

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be short? T=Tall T=short 25%

Pedigree Charts And NO, I don’t mean dog food!

• Pedigree Chart: A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes

l. A pedigree traces the occurrence of a trait through generations of a family.

l Squares represent males l Circles represent females l A solid square or circle

Slides: 107

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Punnett Squares and Pedigrees Unit 2 Lesson 5

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded or highlighted in your science book. – You will see an image of a page in your book when it is necessary to highlight! Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

-Please make notes legible and use indentations when appropriate. -Example of indent. -Skip a line between topics -Don’t skip pages -Make visuals clear and well drawn. Please Label Double Helix Phosphate Backbone Nitrogen Base

• RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal. • BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

l Punnett Square: A tool/diagram used for understanding the patterns of heredity l Used to predict the possible genotypes of offspring in a given cross The top of the Punnett square shows the alleles for 1 parent, and the left side shows the alleles for the other parent. l Each square shows an allele combination that would be possible with those 2 given parents l Pg. 138

Pg. 139

Punnett Squares

• Answer! The male, he is the only one who carries the Y chromosome. If he gives the X it is female, if he gives the Y it is male. The woman is XX and can only give the X. Copyright© 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

• History doesn’t determine probability in mathematics. If the probability is 50/50, it will always be 50/50. Black will be due 50% of the time.

• Roulette isn’t a 50/50 chance of winning because of the two green slots is where the house wins if you didn’t place your bet on green. 48% Chance you will win, 52% you will lose. Copyright© 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“Jeepers!” “Probability showed I would lose and I did. ” “How did this happen? ”

l l Genetics deals heavily with probability, Probability is the mathematical chance of a specific outcome in relation to the total number of possible outcomes Probability can be expressed in the form of a ratio, which compares 2 quantities l 1: 4 (reads one to four) Probability can also be expressed as a percentage, which compares a number to 100 (how many times a certain outcome might happen out of 100 chances Pg. 140

l Use the Sample Problem on pg. 140 to complete #8 on pg. 141.

Pg. 141

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have green color?

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have green color? 50%

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have yellow color?

What is the percent chance that the offspring will have green color? 50%

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be tall? T=Tall T=short

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be tall? T=Tall T=short 75%

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be short? T=Tall T=short

What is the percent chance that the offspring will be short? T=Tall T=short 25%

Pedigree Charts And NO, I don’t mean dog food!

• Pedigree Chart: A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next.

• Pedigree Chart: A diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance or phenotypes of a particular gene or organism and its ancestors from one generation to the next. Males are square Females are circles

• Video Review! Pedigree Charts

l. A pedigree traces the occurrence of a trait through generations of a family. l Pedigrees can be used to trace any inherited trait l Very useful in tracing inherited disorders Pg. 142

l Squares represent males l Circles represent females l A solid square or circle indicates that a person HAS a certain trait l A half-filled square or circle indicates that person is a CARRIER of the trait Pg. 142

• Pedigree Chart for color blindness