Pump Primer Without using your textbook explain what
Pump Primer Without using your textbook, explain what you believe this term called “price” means.
CHAPTER 3 Value and Demand
Objectives: • You should be able to. . . • Identify and explain the principle of diminishing marginal utility • Describe three functions of price. • Define demand. • Identify the law of demand. • Explain how changes in demand occur.
Biblical Integration: • This world constantly changes, but God is the same today, as He was yesterday, and as He will continue to be tomorrow. (Heb. 13: 8)
CHAPTER 3 pp. 44 -50 Value • The buyer determines the value of an item! • Subjective Value = worth determined by the buyer
CHAPTER 3 pp. 44 -50 principle of diminishing marginal utility people tend to receive less and less (diminishing) additional (marginal) satisfaction (utility) from any good or service as they obtain more and more of it during a specific period of time
CHAPTER 3 p. 45
CHAPTER 3 pp. 44 -50 principle of diminishing marginal utility • • “receive less and less” = diminishing “additional” = marginal “satisfaction” = utility “specific period of time” = time limit
CHAPTER 3 p. 46
CHAPTER 3 The Function of Prices • transmit information • provide incentives • redistribute income pp. 44 -50
CHAPTER 3 p. 49
CHAPTER 3 Where do prices come from? • value = determined by buyer • price = determined by buyer and seller • supply and demand pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 demand a willingness of consumers to purchase a product and their act of purchasing it pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 law of demand everything else being held constant, the lower the price charged for a good or service, the greater the quantity of it people will demand, and the higher the price, the lower the quantity they will demand pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 p. 51
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 demand schedule a table listing various quantities demanded at various prices demand curve line-graph of demand schedule information
CHAPTER 3 DEMAND CURVE p. 51
CHAPTER 3 Giffen goods that experience an increase in the quantity demanded as the price increases pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 inelastic demand quantity is less responsive to the price pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 elastic demand quantity demanded being far more responsive to the price pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 change in quantity demanded whenever a change in price causes a change in the number of items demanded
CHAPTER 3 MOVEMENT OF DEMAND p. 52
CHAPTER 3 change in quantity demanded • caused by a price change • moves along the same curve pp. 50 -56 change in demand • caused by a demand change • shifts the whole curve
DEMAND QUANTITY DEMANDED Change in quantity demanded P Change in demand P D 2 D D 1 Q Q
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 increase in demand buyers are willing to demand more of a good or service at every price along the curve
CHAPTER 3 SHIFT IN DEMAND p. 52
CHAPTER 3 p. 54
CHANGE IN DEMAND Figure 4. 3 shows changes in demand. 1. When demand decreases, the demand curve shifts leftward from D 0 to D 1. 2. When demand increases, the demand curve shifts rightward from D 0 to D 2. (Bade 94)
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 Change in Demand = Shift 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. A change in people’s incomes A change in the price of related goods A change in people’s tastes and preferences A change in people’s expectations A change in the number of consumers
CHAPTER 3 normal goods that experience an increase in demand because of an increase in consumers’ incomes pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 inferior goods • demand decreases because buyer’s income increases • demand increases because buyer’s income decreases pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 substitute goods that a household may use in place of others pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 complementary goods that are usually purchased or used together pp. 50 -56
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 fad items good and services that appear quickly on the scene, receive heavy advertisement, and sell in great quantities over a short period of time
CHAPTER 3 pp. 50 -56 Change in Expectations • demand shifts due to anticipation of dramatic rise or fall of the price of a good • influenced by: • price changes • advertisements
CHAPTER 3 p. 55
CHAPTER 3 p. 55
CHAPTER 3 p. 56
Demand ACTIVITY 4 National Council on Economic Education, New York, N. Y.
OBJECTIVES • • • Define demand schedule and demand curve. Construct a demand curve using hypothetical data. Explain why consumers buy more of a good or service when the price decreases. Explain the difference between a shift in the demand curve and a movement along the demand curve. Describe and analyze the forces that shift the demand curve. Explain why a demand curve would shift to the right or left given a scenario.
INTRODUCTION • This lesson introduces the market system • Demand is half of a market and a demand schedule represents the quantities that people are willing and able to buy at alternative prices. • The Demand Curve is a graphical representation of the demand schedule. • Understanding a market is essential to success in Economics.
• You will be graphing a demand schedule, which will help you to understand the implications of a shift in the demand curve. • Activity 3 focuses on the factors that shift the demand curve (homework sheets). • Activity 4 reinforces the factors that cause a demand curve to shift, the direction of the shift and whether the shift represents an increase or decrease in demand.
MOVEMENT ALONG A DEMAND CURVE • As the price declines from P to P 1, the quantity increases from Q to Q 1 • As the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases
SHIFT IN DEMAND The graph shows an increase in demand is a shift to the right (and a decrease in demand is a shift to the left) Increase in demand from D to D 1 shows that at the same price (P), the quantity increased from Q to Q 1.
Factors that Shift Demand: • Number of Consumers • Price of complementary good • Price of substitute good • Consumer income • Expectations about income or prices
ACTIVITY 4: REASONS FOR CHANGE IN DEMAND • Break-up into groups of two or three and complete the following activity.
• Part A • Read the eight newspaper headlines in Figure 4. 2, and use the table to record the impact, if any, of each event on the demand for beef. • Use the first column to the right of the headline to show whether the event causes a change in demand. • Use the next column to record whether the change is an increase or a decrease in demand. • In the third column, decide whether the curve shifts left or right. • Finally, write the letter for the new demand curve. • Use Figure 4. 1 to help you. • Always start at curve B, and move only one curve at a time. • One headline implies that the demand for beef does not change.
ACTIVITY 4 Y Inc. R C Y Y Inc. Dec. R L C A Y N Dec. -- L -- A -- Y Dec. L A Y Y Dec. Inc. L R A C
ACTIVITY 4: REASONS FOR CHANGE IN DEMAND • Part B • • • Categorize each change in demand in Part A according to the reason why demand changed. A given demand curve assumes that consumer expectations, consumer tastes and preferences, the number of consumers in the market, the income of consumers, and the prices of substitutes and complements are unchanged. In the table, place an X next to the reason that the event described in the headline caused a change in demand. One headline will have no answer because it is a change in quantity demanded.
X X X X
- Slides: 50