Puma concolor Chapter 2 Classification 1 Classification means

Puma concolor

Chapter 2 Classification

1 • Classification means organizing living things into groups based on their similarities. 2 • Scientists classify living and extinct organisms to make them easier to study.

3 • Organisms are classified by shared characteristics and their relationships between one another. 4 • The levels of classification go from very general to very specific.

5 Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dumb King Phylum Couldn’t Order Fried Green Spaghetti

• Classification for Humans • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum • Class Mammalia • Order Primates • Family Hominidae • Genus Homo • species sapiens Chordata

6 • The science of classifying organisms is called taxonomy. 7 Taxonomy was founded by Linneaus in the 1700’s. – classified things only by their shared characteristics. – developed the concept of binomial nomenclature so scientists speaking and writing different languages could communicate clearly.

8 • Modern taxonomists also look at evolutionary relationships between animals.

9 A branching diagram can show the relationship between organisms.

10 Organisms that are more closely related are closer together on the branching diagram.

11 • When living things are classified, they get a scientific name. • The scientific name is the same anywhere in the world.

12 • Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek. • The scientific name is always the Genus and species name together. 13 • The Genus is always written first and capitalized. • The species is second and is always lowercase.

14 • The scientific name is always italicized or underlined. – Ex: Felis domesticus 15 Scientists can use a dichotomous key to identify unknown organisms.

Archaea Bacteria Eukarya

• Archaebacteria • Eubacteria • Protista • Fungi • Plantae • Animalia

17 • Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do not have nuclei. • All other living things are eukaryotic and have true nuclei.

18 • Archaebacteria live in extreme environments (very hot or cold) • They have been on the earth about 3 billion years. • Most bacteria are in kingdom Eubacteria. • Bacteria are either helpful or harmful living everywhere on earth.

Kingdom Protista 19 • Kingdom Protista consists of unicellular & simple multicellular organisms. • Protists are organisms that are not plants, animals or fungi

Kingdom Plantae 20 • Plants are usually green and make food by photosynthesis • They are complex, multicellular organisms

Kingdom Fungi 21 They absorb food from their surroundings. • Fungi are usually multicellular (except yeast).

22 Kingdom Animalia Most move around and have nervous systems. • Animals are complex and multicellular.