Pulse and Blood Pressure 11 d Pulse pressure

Pulse and Blood Pressure 11 d

Pulse · pressure wave of blood · Measured as Heart Rate: beats per minute · Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated Figure 11. 16 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 35

Practice taking your pulse and Heart Rate • First, try to find your pulse – Neck: just below the corner of your mandible – Wrist: on the thumb side, between the tendons • Now, count how many beats you feel in 60 seconds. I’ll time you

Blood Pressure · Measurements by health professionals are made on the pressure in large arteries · Systolic – pressure at the peak of ventricular contraction · Diastolic – pressure when ventricles relax · Pressure in blood vessels decreases as the distance away from the heart increases Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 36

Comparison of Blood Pressures in Different Vessels Figure 11. 17 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 38

Quick Quiz • Why do you think it is important to measure pulse and heart rate? • What does blood pressure measure? • Why do you think it is important to monitor blood pressure?

Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure Figure 11. 18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 37

Blood Pressure Demonstration

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors · Peripheral Resistance · The amount of friction encountered by blood as it flows through blood vessels · Constriction/narrowing of vessels · Blood viscosity (thickness) · Cholesterol buildup inside vessels · Age, weight, exercise, body position, emotional state, drugs Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 39 a

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors · Neural factors · Autonomic nervous system adjustments (sympathetic division) · Renal factors · Regulation by altering blood volume · Renin – hormonal control Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 39 a

Blood Pressure: Effects of Factors · Temperature · Heat has a vasodilation effect · Cold has a vasoconstricting effect · Chemicals · Various substances can cause increases or decreases · Diet Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 39 b

Factors Determining Blood Pressure Figure 11. 19 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 40

Quick Quiz • What is Peripheral Resistance? • Name two factors that influence Peripheral Resistance.

Variations in Blood Pressure · Human normal range is variable · Normal · 140– 110 mm Hg systolic · 80– 75 mm Hg diastolic · Hypotension · Low systolic (below 110 mm HG) · Often associated with illness · Hypertension · High systolic (above 140 mm HG) · Can be dangerous if it is chronic Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 41

Developmental Aspects of the Cardiovascular System · A simple “tube heart” develops in the embryo and pumps by the fourth week · The heart becomes a four-chambered organ by the end of seven weeks · Few structural changes occur after the seventh week Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slide 11. 44

Quick Quiz • Would 120/80 be considered a normal blood pressure? • When systolic pressure is greater than 140, what is the condition called? • When systolic pressure is less than 110, what is the condition called? • What do you think the dangers of high or low blood pressure are?