Pulmonary Ventilation Dr Imrana Ihsan Copyright 2007 Lippincott

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Pulmonary Ventilation Dr. Imrana Ihsan

Pulmonary Ventilation Dr. Imrana Ihsan

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology:

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology:

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition

Respiratory Zone Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure

Respiratory Zone Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 3 (3 of 3)

Anatomy of the Respiratory Zone Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as

Anatomy of the Respiratory Zone Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 5 a

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology:

Copyright © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Mc. Ardle, Katch, and Katch: Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance, Sixth Edition

PULMONARY VENTILATION: MECHANISM – Pressure gradients are established by changes in the size of

PULMONARY VENTILATION: MECHANISM – Pressure gradients are established by changes in the size of the thoracic cavity that are produced by contraction and relaxation of muscles (Figures 24 -4 and 24 -5) – Boyle’s law: the volume of gas varies inversely with pressure at a constant temperature – Inspiration: contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostals produces inspiration; as they contract, the thoracic cavity becomes larger (Figures 24 -6 and 24 -7) • Expansion of the thorax results in decreased intrapleural pressure, leading to decreased alveolar pressure • Air moves into the lungs when alveolar pressure drops below atmospheric pressure • Compliance: ability of pulmonary tissues to stretch, thus making inspiration possible 11

Chest Wall and Pleural Sac Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as

Chest Wall and Pleural Sac Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 7

Pulmonary Pressures Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure

Pulmonary Pressures Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 8 a–b

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Volume and Pressure Changes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin

Volume and Pressure Changes Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 13

Spirometry Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16.

Spirometry Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Figure 16. 15

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Minute Ventilation Total volume of air entering and leaving respiratory system each minute –

Minute Ventilation Total volume of air entering and leaving respiratory system each minute – Minute ventilation = VT x RR – Normal respiration rate = 12 breaths/min – Normal VT = 500 m. L – Normal minute ventilation = • 500 m. L x 12 breaths/min = 6000 m. L/min Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Dead Space and Ventilation Conducting zone (anatomical dead space) Fresh air “Old air” Alveolus

Dead Space and Ventilation Conducting zone (anatomical dead space) Fresh air “Old air” Alveolus Expiration (c) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Inspiration (a) CO 2 Exchange with blood (b) Figure 16. 17

Alveolar Ventilation – Volume of air reaching the gas exchange areas per minute –

Alveolar Ventilation – Volume of air reaching the gas exchange areas per minute – Alveolar ventilation = (VT x RR) – (DSV x RR) – Normal = 4200 m. L/min (500 m. L/br x 12 br/min) – (150 m. L/br X 12 br/min) Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings.

Respiratory Rate and Ventilation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin

Respiratory Rate and Ventilation Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. , publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Table 16. 1

Definitions of Dead Space Anatomic Dead Space Physiologic Dead Space Low Blood Flow Copyright

Definitions of Dead Space Anatomic Dead Space Physiologic Dead Space Low Blood Flow Copyright © 2006 by Elsevier, Inc.

Thankyou

Thankyou

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