Public Speaking The power of public speaking The

Public Speaking

The power of public speaking The traditional of public speaking Similarities between public speaking and conversation Differences between public speaking and conversation

Developing confidence: your speech class a. b. Nervousness is normal Dealing with nervousness Public speaking and critical thinking focused Fact and opinion Organized thinking The soundness of evidence

Process speaker message listener interference channel feedback situation

The speech communication process: Example with comentary. situation speaker Adapting Channel interferenc e messag e To interferen ce Feedbac k

Public speaking in a multicultural would Cultural diversity in the modern world One can only imagine what melville would say today. The United States has become the most diverse society on earth. Cultural diversityand public speaking Diversity and multiculturalism are such basic facts of life that they can play a role in almost any speech you give. Avoiding ethno centrism Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own group or culture, whatever it may be is superior to all other groups or cultures.

1. Organizing your thoughts logically. 2. Tailoring your message to your audience. 3. Telling a story for maximum impact. 4. Adapting to listener feedback.

1. Public speaking is more highly structured. 2. Public speaking requires more formal language 3. Public speaking requires a different method of delivery.

OUTLINING THE SPEECH

Preparation Outline A detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.

Guidelines for the Preparation Outline ØState the specific purpose of your speech ØIdentify the central idea ØLabel the introduction , body , and Conclusion ØUse a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation

Visual Framework The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline that shows the relationships among the ideas of the speech.

Example of Visual Framework I. Main point A. Subpoint B. Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint II. Main point A. Subpoint 1. Sub-subpoint 2. Sub-subpoint B. Subpoint

Guidelines for the Preparation Outline ØState main points and subpoints in full sentences ØLabel transition, internal summaries, and internal preview ØAttach a bibliography ØGive your speech a title, if one is desired

Speaking Outline A brief outline used to jog a speaker’s memory during the presentation.

Guidelines for the Speaking Outline 1. Follow the visual framework used in the preparation 2. Make sure the outline is legible 3. Keep the outline as brief as possible 4. Give yourself cues for delivering the speech outline

Delivery cues Directions in a speaking outline to help a speaker remember how she or he wants to deliver key parts of the speech.

AN G N I Z ALY U A E TH E C N DIE

AUDIENCE-CENTEREDNESS To be audience-centered, you need to keep several questions in mind when you work on your speeches: To whom am I speaking? Au Ce die n is k ntere ceee dne au ping ss for dien the min emo ce ste d at st in po eve f pre r s pa peec y rat h a pre nd ion sen tat ion. What do I want them to know, believe, or do as a result of my speech? What is the most effective way of composing and presenting my speech to accomplish that aim?

YOUR CLASSMATES AS AN AUDIENCE The best classroom speeches are those that take the classroom audience as seriously as a lawyer, a politician, a minister, or an advertiser takes an audience. You should consider every audience inside the classroom and out as worthy of your best efforts to communicate your knowledge or convictions. At the least you show respect for your listeners. At the most you could make a real difference in their lives.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF AUDIENCES What do these psychological principles mean to you as a speaker? First, th mean ey y listene our rs wil l hear a n judge d w you sa hat y the ba on sis what t of alread hey y kno w and be lieve. ey t h t d, mus n co ou se e S ny rm a u r me te yo you w o a rel age t s sho ns s ner rtai n i e e list it p expla ld w ho em, shou s a y th to y the ut it do. o wh re ab you ca h as c mu Of course, you can’t actually get inside another person’s experience. But, you can learn enough about your audience to know what you should do to make your ideas clear and meaningful.

DEMOGRAPHIC AUDIENCE ANALYSIS 3. SEXUAL ORIENTATION 4. RACIAL, ETHNIC, AND CULTURE BACKGROUND 1. AGE 2. GENDER 5. RELIGION 6. GROUP MEMBERSHIP Perhaps the most important thing to keep in mind about demographic audience analysis is that it is not an end in itself. Your aim is not just to list the major traits of your listeners but to find in those traits clues about how your listeners will respond to your speech.

Situational Audience Analysis Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

Size The large the audience, the more formal your presentation must be. Audience size may also affect your language, choice of appeals, and use of visual aids. Check the seating arrangements and the location of the lectern to be sure your audience can see you. In short, do everything you can to control the influence the physical setting on your audience. Physical Setting

Disposition Toward the Topic Interest Knowledge Attitude One of your tasks will be to assess their interest in advance and to adjust your speech accordingly Your listeners knowledge about your topic will to a large extent determine what you can say in your speech Attitude toward your topic can be extremely important in determinin g how you handle the material

Disposition toward the speaker The more competent listeners believe a speaker to be, the more likely they are to accept what he or she says Disposition toward the occasion When you are invited to speak, the chairperson usually say how much time you have for your ask

GETTING INFORMATION ABOUT THE AUDIENCE Try imagine what they will like, what they will dislike and another You can learn a lot about your classmates just by observation and conversation ADAPTING TO THE AUDIENCE Audience Adaptation Before The Speech sure to keep an eye out during your speech for audienc e feedbac k Audience Adaptation During The Speech

SPEAKING Home Profil MATE RI Ethics and Public Speaking

Ethics and Public Speaking Home Profil MATE RI The importance of ethics Deals with issues of right & wrong in human affairs

Ethical Speaking Guidelines Home Profil MATE RI • • Make sure your goals are ethically sound • Put ethical principles into practice Be fully prepared for each speech Be honest in what you say Avoid name-calling and other forms of abusive language