Public Speaking OneMany Public Speaking Loneliness Serious illness
Public Speaking One---------Many
�Public Speaking �Loneliness �Serious illness �Financial ruins �Deep water �Dog �Snakes �death
How to get over the fear? ? ? � Be prepared…well prepared � Psych yourself � Energize your speech � Concentrate on your content � Analyze the audience/environment � Eye contact � Memorize opening and closing lines � Time the speech � Non-Verbal cues � Pauses � Think of it as a dialogue � Ask friends to be your practice audience
Types of Speeches Purpose of delivery �Speech to Inform �Speech to Persuade �Speech to Demonstrate �Speech to Entertain Mode of delivery �Impromptu Speech �Extemporaneous Speech �Manuscript Speech �Memorized Speech
Speech to Inform Purpose: To increase listener’s knowledge and develop understanding � Tends to make complex ideas clear � Leaves the audience with new knowledge � Relates new information with the old one � Arouses Interest � Relies on relating, describing, explaining and reporting � Make clear to the listener what is already clear to the speaker � Present accurate and recent material � Present the most important and unusual aspects
Speech to Persuade Purpose: To persuade the audience---attempt to win agreement ---move the audience to action MODE OF PERSUASION � Ethos/Ethical Appeals � Pathos/Emotional Appeals � Logos/Logical Appeals
Speech to Demonstrate Purpose: To show as well as tell how a process or procedure works or how it is done � Know the subject thoroughly � Use audio-visual aids, items, drawings � Know thoroughly the AV equipment � Be sure all aids are clearly visible � Items used should be part of your topic not the topic itself � Tell and show the audience what you are doing while you do it � Deliver your speech in a step by step logical order � Time yourself � Personalize it when appropriate � Involve the audience if possible
Speech to Entertain Purpose: Amuse----Enlighten humorously---elicit smiles or laughter---Elicit relaxation--make a point in a humorous way Devices-------Satire, Surprise, Exaggeration, Incongruity, Timing -Be creative -Change the peg -Use yourself -Use other sources -Build bridges
Which genre? � How to � Case studies � Editorial � Rebuttal � Political platform � Eulogy � Invocation � Prayer � Roast � Monologue � Promotion � Anecdote � Dedication � autobiography
Topic Selection �Interesting for you and audience �Demonstrate knowledge and enthusiasm �Appropriateness of topic �Specific Purpose/thesis
Organization Introduction v To gain audience attention v To orient the audience -------Anecdotal Story -------Rhetorical Question -------Quotation -------Humor
Body of the Speech Organizational Patterns § Chronological pattern § Spatial pattern § Causal pattern § Topical pattern
Conclusion �Restate thesis �Summarize main points �Closing statement -------quotation -------personal reference -------challenge to audience -------future vision
Speech Format Introduction Ø Gain audience attention Ø Orient the audience Ø State the specific purpose or thesis Body of the Speech � First main point Ø Supporting material to first main point Ø Further supporting material to first main point � Second main point Ø Supporting material to second main point Ø Further supporting material to second main point Conclusion Ø Restate thesis Ø Summarize main points Ø Closing statement
Persuasive Speech Format Introduction---topic establish the significance of establish a need for change Body to support ------ Conclusion ------- statement state the proposition state reasons and evidence preposition repeat the preposition summarize the reasons make a closing
Supporting Material �Analogy �Illustration �Statistics �Testimony �Personal experience
Strategies to help remember �Speak in patterns �Mnemonics �Use repetitions or antithesis �Focus on the concrete than abstract �Avoid complex analyses
Speech Outline (Informative) Attention getter �Leonardo da Vinci once said “A well spent day brings happy sleep……. . ” But what if you can’t sleep at all. Purpose/thesis statement �To inform about two classes of insomnia and the methods to beat it. Preview �Insomnia is a condition in which a person cannot sleep for many days or is able to have a very few hours of unrested sleep.
Main body of speech 1. Classes of insomnia �Transient insomnia �Chronic insomnia 2. Prevalence of insomnia �General population �Elderly 3. Methods to deal with insomnia �Manage depression and stress �Avoid naps �Avoid noise and distracting lights
Conclusion � I hope you have enough insight into the widely spreading disorder of insomnia, its type and possible ways to prevent it. Review � As highlighted either the insomniac is suffering from transient or chronic insomnia. The degree of which is dependent on the age limit and other calamities. But this phenomenon can be controlled or even cured with the suggested techniques. Closing statement � Ask an insomniac how precious sleep is as one insomniac himself quoted “I have always envied people who sleep easily. Their brains must be clearer, the floor boards of the skull well swept”
Speech outline (persuasive) ATTENTION GETTER: An anonymous writer said: “One’s destiny is not determined by his luck but by his own choice” PREVIEW: Luck is something which happens beyond a person's control. It can be either good or bad which can be determined by an accident or chance. It is attributed by some to reasons of faith and superstition. All you need to do is to work hard and give your best with full determination and sincerity then success will certainly be yours. THESIS STATEMENT: Luck is not matter of chance, it is matter of choice.
� MAIN BODY: 1. What is luck? q Luck happens beyond a person's control q Success or failure apparently brought by chance rather than through one's own actions. q Either good or bad 2. Superstitions about good and bad fortunes: q Different cultures, societies, religions have different views or superstitions q Example of some animals like black cats, bats, pigs and elephants, example of shadow and coins, example of twitching hands and eyes in different cultures
3. Luck is matter of choice or chance? q Luck is matter of choice q More new experiences, more opportunities so more lucky q More versatility and flexibility so more lucky 4. Success is achieved either by hard work or luck? q Keep trying q More hard work so more success CONCLUSION: RESTATE THESIS STATEMENT: Luck is not matter of chance, it is matter of choice. PURPOSE: I came here to tell all of you that hard work is the key to success, not luck only.
CLOSING STATEMENT: Great leader as well as English writer Sir Winston Churchill said: “Be an optimist. There is not much use being anything else”
Outline for Demonstrative Speech Topic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Attention Getter Envisage a scenario in which you and your best friend are going down the street and suddenly your friend falls onto the ground without any movement. Before you call rescue service to take the responsibility of the matter. There is something you can do to save your best friend’s life, in those moments before the rescue service come. Preview There is a medical procedure involving repeated cycles of compression of the chest and artificial respiration, performed to maintain blood circulation and oxygenation in a person who has suffered cardiac arrest. This procedure is known as cardiopulmonary resuscitation or most commonly by CPR. Purpose To demonstrate Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Thesis Statement To demonstrate different steps involved in the process of CPR.
� Body • Compressions: Restore blood circulation o Put the person on his or her back on a firm surface, feel his pulse if doubt full place your ear on the left side of the chest, if still you can’t hear the heart beating. o Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders. o Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest. Place your other hand on top of the first hand. Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. o Use your upper body weight (not just your arms) as you push straight down on (compress) the chest at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters) but not greater than 2. 4 inches (approximately 6 centimeters). Push hard at a rate of 50 to 60 compressions a minute. • Airway: Clear the airway o Put your palm on the person's forehead and gently tilt the head back. Then with the other hand, gently lift the chin forward to open the airway.
Check for normal breathing: Look for chest motion, listen to normal breath sound. If the person isn’t breathing normally begin mouth to mouth breathing. • Breathing: Breathe for the person o With the airway open (using the head-tilt, chin-lift maneuver), pinch the nostrils shut for mouth-to-mouth breathing and cover the person's mouth with yours, making a seal. o Prepare to give two rescue breaths. Give the first rescue breath — lasting one second — and watch to see if the chest rises. If it does rise, give the second breath. If the chest doesn't rise, repeat the head-tilt, chinlift maneuver and then give the second breath. By the time rescue will approach and take the responsibility. Conclusion These are the few steps which are involved in the process of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR). These steps can be applied to an unconscious man in those moments before the rescue services approach and take the matter into their hands. Closing statement So, if God forbid, if anyone ever fall unconscious, you will know what to do to save his or her life References Mayo Clinic (2017). Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): First aid Retrieved on 22 nd January, 2017 http: //www. mayoclinic. org/first-aid-cpr/basics/art-20056600? p=1 o
Entertaining Speech Outline Introduction: Attention Getter: You're sitting in eight lanes of bumper-to-bumper traffic. You're more than ready to get home, but you notice, to your great dismay, that all of the other lanes seem to be moving. You change lanes. And, you are like, “Finally! Freedom from this hell!” But once you do, suddenly … the cars in your new lane come to a dead halt. At a standstill, you notice every lane on the highway (including the one you just left) is moving -- except yours. And, you are like, “Not again! Dear Lord, not again. ” Background: • This adage grew in popularity when a certain engineer by the name Edward A. Murphy, who was working in Edwards Air Force Base on a project found a technical error made by one of his junior technicians, and cursed him saying, "If there's any way to do it wrong, he will find it. " • Dr. John Paul Stapp, the Air Force doctor who was involved with the project, made a quick note of this universality of errors, and fabricated a law, which he wittingly titled, "Murphy's Law. "
Thesis Statement: The Odd Working of Murphy’s Law Main Body: Murphy’s Law was Never Uttered by Edward A. Murphy: • Murphy's Law apparently applies to Murphy's Law, too, ironically. • The traditional version of Murphy's Law ("anything that can go wrong, will go wrong") is actually "Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives. " Real Life Examples of Murphy’s Law: • I am giving a speech right now, so, it is likely that Murphy’s Law might show up and ruin my speech. Having a Positive Attitude towards Life despite Bad Luck: • You don’t always get what you want in life. • Life throws lemons at you, so what? Make a delicious lemonade instead. • Instead of being a Negative Nancy, be a Positive Polly. • The best you can do in life is be prepared, the rest, well, leave it to fate and luck. • Perhaps, things might not turn out as bad as you think they will, and it is also possible that Murphy’s Law might not even show up at all
Conclusion: Restatement of Thesis Statement: Murphy’s Law works in odd ways, however, we should always remain positive. Review: • Murphy’s Law is universal. • You witness real-life examples of it every day. • Bad luck is a part of life, something you cannot avoid. Closing Statement: My advice would be to always be optimistic no matter how bad things get. There is always a light at the end of the tunnel. So, never give up and always keep trying. As another Law of Murphy suggests, “Anything can be made to work if you fiddle with it long enough. ” So, stay calm and keep fiddling. References: • Khurana, S. “ 10 Murphy's Laws That Explain Unfathomable Truths” Retrieved from: http: //quotations. about. com/od/murphyslaws/tp/10_murphys_laws. htm (seen on 24 th November, 2015) • Bloch A. (2003) Murphy’s Law. The Berkley Publishing Group, New York: Perigee.
Literary Devices � Alliteration "I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery plodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts. " --Winston Churchill on the German invasion of Russia Gordon Brown, a former prime minister of the United Kingdom, referred to the relationship between his country and the United States as “friendship – formed and forged over two tumultuous centuries. ” Julius Caesar, emperor of ancient Rome, famously stated in Latin, “veni, vidi, vici, ” which is “I came, I saw, I conquered” in English. Barack Obama used several alliterative phrases in his speech at the Fort Hood Memorial Service in 2009. First, he called the U. S. military the “finest fighting force the world has ever known, ” and continued by describing their work in “distant, different, and difficult places. ”
� Metaphors/similies � “Your body is a garage to park your soul, ” writes author Wayne Dyer Martin Luther King � “Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all God’s children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. ” Queen Elizabeth eulogy � “Like the sun, she bathed us in her warm glow. Now that the sun has set and the cool of the evening has come, some of the warmth we absorbed is flowing back to her. ” � “Paying alimony is like feeding hay to a dead horse. ” � “Writing free verse is like playing tennis with the net down. ” � A hippie is someone who walks like Tarzan, looks like Jane and smells like Cheetah. ” Ronald Reagan
�The land belongs to the crown. (crown = king / queen / royal family / monarchy) • Empty pockets never held anyone back. Only empty heads and empty hearts can do that. (Norman Vincent Peale) (empty pockets = poverty; empty heads = ignorance / dullness / density; empty hearts = unkindness / coldness) �the spit-and-polish command post
� Anaphora � Every child must be taught these principles. Every citizen must uphold them. And every immigrant, by embracing these ideals, makes our country more, not less, American. � If we had no winter, the spring would not be so pleasant; if we did not sometimes taste of adversity, prosperity would not be so welcome. (Anne Bradstreet) � The beginning of wisdom is silence. The second step is listening. (unknown) � A man without ambition is dead. A man with ambition but no love is dead. A man with ambition and love for his blessings here on earth is ever so alive. (Pearl Bailey)
�Antithesis �That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. (Neil Armstrong) �To err is human; to forgive, divine. (Pope) �It is easier for a father to have children than for children to have a real father. (Pope) �it's was the best of times, it was the worst of times it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of innocence
�Hyperbole �It was so cold, I saw polar bears wearing jackets" �Well now, one winter it was so cold that all the geese flew backward and all the fish moved south and even the snow turned blue. Late at night, it got so frigid that all spoken words froze solid afore they could be heard. People had to wait until sunup to find out what folks were talking about the night before. ” As I Walked Out One Evening" by W. H. Auden: �his whole tone was that of a disillusioned, sardonic philanderer who had drunk the wine-cup of illicit love to its dregs but was always ready to fill up again and have another. ”
�"I'll love you, dear, I'll love you till China and Africa meet, And the river jumps over the mountain And the salmon sing in the street, I'll love you till the ocean Is folded and hung up to dry And the seven stars go squawking �"She is so dumb, she thinks Taco Bell is a Mexican phone company"
�Understatement �are sometimes hot, dry and sandy” while describing deserts of the world. �“He is not too thin” while describing an obese person. �“It rained a bit more than usual” while describing an area being flooded after heavy rainfall. �“It was O. K. ” is an understatement if someone who got the highest score in a test said this when asked about his result. �“It is a bit cold today, ” when the temperature is 5 degrees below freezing.
� Onomatopoeia � It’s a jazz affair, drum crashes and cornet razzes � Over the cobbles he clattered and clashed in the dark inn-yard, � I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification… Martin King Luther � Jawal Nehru At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom.
References
� Informative speech videos https: //youtu. be/7 sv. YMIt. TZBA https: //youtu. be/e. Iho 2 S 0 Zah. I https: //youtu. be/MJK-d. Ml. ATm. M � Persuasive speech videos https: //youtu. be/Dy. Ee. Mkl_s. Hw https: //youtu. be/oj 16 vfbs. M 9 A � Demonstrative speech videos https: //youtu. be/ux 2 Fgt 3 h. G 2 c https: //youtu. be/kvfr. Vrh 76 Mk � Entertaining speech videos https: //youtu. be/AP 5 VIhb. Jw. Fs https: //youtu. be/HUm. X 6 Ci. Mo. Fk? list=PLWFSKAa. W 8 Dt 1 d. Kvm. JDIB 6 kov 39 7 MX 7 Xg 9 https: //youtu. be/ab. KIKVFYY 08
- Slides: 42