Public Speaking Module 8 Delivering Your Speech Module

Public Speaking Module 8: Delivering Your Speech

Module Learning Outcomes Identify strategies for delivering a speech effectively 8. 1: Explain the elements of effective vocal delivery 8. 2: Explain the nonverbal aspects of effective speech 8. 3: Explain the importance of practice and preparation

Vocal Delivery

Learning Outcomes: Vocal Delivery 8. 1: Explain the elements of effective vocal delivery 8. 1. 1: Explain the importance of breath for effective vocal delivery 8. 1. 2: Identify techniques to use effective articulation 8. 1. 3: Identify effective rates of speaking 8. 1. 4: Identify effective uses of emphasis in your speech 8. 1. 5: Explain how to achieve an effective volume when speaking 8. 1. 6: Identify appropriate use of pauses in your speech 8. 1. 7: Identify speech challenges

Breathing • Breathing controls the quality of sound produced by the voice • Use Diaphragmatic Breath (breath from your diaphragm) • • • ”Stomach breathing” – stomach is pushed out with inhalations Produces full, supported sound How to build muscle and practice Lie down on a flat surface with a heavy book on your abdomen 1. Practice pushing the book up with your inhale 2. Practice extending how long you inhale and exhale 3. Count aloud as you exhale and stop when the voice trails off

Volume • • • Use a full, loud voice without straining your throat Do not yell. Use your diaphragm to power your voice Vary volume throughout the speech Prepare: • • • Visit speaking environment, ask friend to sit in the back to test if you can be heard Practice diaphragmatic breathing Mark intended variations on your speaking outline During the Speech: • • Watch for audience lens and ear turns Visualize your voice as a ball hitting the back wall

Articulation, Pitch, and Rate • • Articulation Pitch Rate How clearly the speaker pronounces words The degree of highness or lowness of a voice Speaking Speed Uses tongue, teeth, and lips Practice: tongue twisters • • TIPS Mark challenging sounds in the speaking outline Slow down • Vary pitch to avoid sounding monotone Practice: slide from highest pitch to lowest and back • TIPS Use arrows noting to raise or lower pitch in speaking outline • • • Nerves increase speed, so go slower than you feel you need to TIPS Take plenty of breaths and mark them in your speaking outline Write ”Slow Down” on your speaking outline Consider when to slow or increase your speed

Emphasis and Pauses • • Pauses : using brief silences effectively • • Replace vocalizations such as “oh, um, like” Allows the audience to process information or emotion Emphasis : Inflection that draws attention to important words or phrases • Helps you sound conversational • Brings clarity of meaning • Techniques to add emphasis: • Increase or decrease volume • Increase or decrease pitch • Slow Rate • Add a pause before or after

Speech Challenges • • Speech Disorder : a condition that causes problems creating necessary speech sounds Vocal Habits: Unfavorable speech patterns and habits • Filler Words Um, uh, like • Vocal Fry Voice creak or rattle when using the lowest vocal register • Upspeak “Uptalk” ending a sentence with a rising-pitch, like it is a question • Breathy Voice sounds “light” because air escapes while speaking • Nasal Voice Air is pushed out through the nose instead of mouth • Strident Voice Harsh or strained sound from using your throat to speak, tensing vocal cords

Practice Question 1 During diaphragmatic breathing, what part of the body moves with inhalations and exhalations? A. B. C. D. Shoulders Chest Stomach All of these

Practice Question 2 Which term is used to reference how clearly a speaker pronounces a word? A. B. C. D. Rate Pitch Emphasis Articulation

Practice Question 3 If you want to improve your articulation, what should you do? A. B. C. D. Visualize your voice as a ball hitting the back wall Using the sound “ah” slide from the highest possible pitch to the lowest and back Slow down Increase your volume

Practice Question 4 Which vocal habit refers to ending your statements as thought they are questions? A. B. C. D. Upspeak Strident Voice Vocal Fry Filler words

Class Activity: Identify Vocal Delivery Techniques • • • Click on the link to watch the speech : • Hardcastle: Why students should have mental health days Take notes of how the speaker uses vocal delivery techniques • • • Volume Articulation Pitch Rate Emphasis Pauses Reflect on the tone set and your reaction to the vocal delivery used

Nonverbal Delivery

Learning Outcomes: Nonverbal Delivery 8. 2: Explain the nonverbal aspects of effective speech delivery 8. 2. 1: Reflect of the role of personal appearance in public speaking 8. 2. 2: Reflect on the significance of gestures in public speaking 8. 2. 3: Reflect on the significance of movement in public speaking 8. 2. 4: Identify the importance of eye contact in public speaking

Personal Appearance Your appearance is communication Impact on the speaker: • • Boost your confidence Set the tone for the audience Impact on the audience: • • Perceived credibility Audience behavior toward speaker Plan your appearance to reflect • • • The way you want to feel The way you want your audience to perceive you The way you want the audience to perceive your attitude toward the speaking situation

Class Discussion: Personal Appearance • What else might be considered personal appearance? • How do you feel about the “speakers” pictured below? • What tone do you feel they set?

Movement Gestures: Moving your hands for emphasis • Natural, but intentional • Avoid: • Fly away gestures • Over repetition • Hands in your pocket Body Movement: moving around the speaking space • • • Provides variety for audience, keeps attention Begin and end in the same spot – the center Must be purposeful • Avoid: • Pacing • Shifting weight • Nervous habits

Facial Expressions and Eye Contact Connecting with audience members through eye contact Facial Expressions Using your head and face to reflect and set tone • • Best Practice • Use movement in eyebrows, • Avoid • Revealing a mistake through a facial • members • Vary where you look within the audience: left, right, and center • Maintain eye contact through a thought before moving on eyelids, jaw muscles, head nods and tilts • For larger spaces, use more exaggerated facial expressions • Smiling relaxes the audience, builds your credibility expression • Cue Incongruence Best Practice • Connect with individual audience Avoid • Glancing at the audience • Reading too much, avoiding eye contact, looking elsewhere

Practice Question 5 What should NOT be a consideration when preparing your appearance for your presentation? A. B. C. D. The way you want to feel The way you want to look The way you want your audience to perceive you The way you want the audience to perceive your attitude toward the speaking situation

Practice Question 6 Effectively practicing nonverbal delivery helps to make ______ nonverbal cues ______. A. B. C. D. Natural, unnatural Unplanned, intentional Weak, strong Your own, like everyone else’s

Practice and Preparation

Learning Outcomes: Practice and Preparation 8. 3: Explain the importance of practice and preparation 8. 3. 1: Describe techniques for adapting to the physical location of a speech 8. 3. 2: Identify techniques for effective use of equipment 8. 3. 3: Discuss the benefits of rehearsing your speech

Mastering the Location Checklist of Questions: ☑ What is the size of the room? ☑ How many people are expected to be in the audience? ☑ What Audio/Visual technology will be used and who will operate it? ☑ Is there a podium? ☑ When is a possible time to access the room and have a rehearsal? Actions to take: • Turn on and run through your A/V • Tape down and make note of any wires in your path • Assess number of seats and layout, ask to rearrange if it does not work for you

Mastering the Equipment AUDIO Microphones • • • Turn it on and off appropriately 8 -12 inches below your chin Wear a belt & a sturdy lapel Tuck wire in Project and enunciate VISUAL Computer Console and Projector Screen • • • Plan for a remote clicker or bring your own Find all necessary wires and chords If working with a slide operator: • Prepare an outline with slide numbers and cues • Rehearse together • Remain calm if a mistake is made Contingency Planning: • • Backup visual aids: zip-drive, emailed Bring your laptop, charger, extra batteries for the clicker, and all chords and wires Bring a print-out of your visuals to copy for handouts Prepare a summary or have a plan if a video clip does not play or is taken down

Rehearsing • • • Begin early so you can experiment, revise, and try again Get Feedback • Use a mirror or record and watch yourself, ask a friend or coach Rehearse aloud • Speak as you hope to when you deliver your speech Rehearse all parts of your speech • • • Coordinate your visual aids Practice nonverbal and vocal delivery strategies Imagine an audience to practice eye contact Time your rehearsals • • Individual parts and the total speech for consistency and balance Leave room for interruptions and questions Perform a dress rehearsal • • • Test your outfit with the Audio/Visual tech Make sure shoes fit well Use the same speaking notes you will use during the presentation

Practice Question 7 You run through your speech every time you perform chore and are in your car. You time yourself for consistency and you are right where you want to be. What might explain why you ran far overtime on the day of your presentation? A. Since you were not practicing the way you were going to present, your rate, pauses, and visual aids were not factored into the time when you practiced. B. You were nervous and had too many fillers and pauses during your presentation. C. You got questions that you weren’t anticipating during the presentation D. The stopwatch must have been off.

Class Activity: Rehearsal Partner • • Find 2 other classmates who will sign on to watch you practice your speech • Exchange contact information Set appointments for each of the below. Remember to space them out to provide time to revise and advance to the next stage of your presentation: • • • Talk through the outline of your speech and get feedback (30 minutes per speech) Watch a recording of your presentation and provide feedback (15 minute feedback discussion) Watch the dress rehearsal or live rehearsal of your full run-through and provide feedback (30 minutes)

Quick Review • • • Preparing the delivery of your speech includes rehearsing vocal and nonverbal elements individually to ensure that they are natural and intentional. Planning for the presentation includes: • • Choosing appropriate and effective attire and appearance Becoming familiar with the location and logistics Ensuring you are prepared for the A/V in the room Preparing contingency materials and plans Begin rehearsing your speech early on and in a variety of ways by speaking it aloud, watching yourself, getting feedback, timing for consistency, using your speaking notes and visual aids, and wearing the full outfit you will use to present