Public Safety Broadband Device Application and InterNetwork Interoperability
Public Safety Broadband Device, Application and Inter-Network Interoperability 2014 Minnesota Public Safety Interoperable Communications Conference Speaker: Rick Burke, Televate LLC Managing Partner
Agenda Public Safety Broadband Device Landscape Application Interoperability Inter-Network Interoperability and Impact on Applications 2
Public Safety Broadband Device Landscape 3
US Smartphone Penetration The top 6% of smartphone users are consuming 50% of all mobile data Average data consumption increased 230% in one year • 90 MB per months during the 1 st quarter of 2009 • 298 MB per month during the 1 st quarter of 2010 4
World Smartphone Operating System Facts 5
Desired Public Safety Form Factors Modems End User Devices (Rugged and Non-Rugged) • Mini. PCI Express (embedded) • USB • Express. Card • Vehicular Router • Notebook Computers • Smartphones • PDAs • Tablets • Custom 6
Framing The Public Safety Device Issues Selection of LTE by public safety provides tremendous opportunities Huge expected global LTE marketplace – 100 million by 2015 Already a half dozen infrastructure vendors for public safety LTE Base stations (e. Node. Bs) not complex to support Band Class 14 (BC-14) Subscriber devices require small-scale chipsets that support Band Class 14 LTE, plus commercial bands for roaming 7 7
Economies of Scale Total Users Many cell phones are made to support global frequencies and global technologies 10 000 000 1 billion annual cell phone sales vs. < 17 M US government workers total 100 000 Even as BC 14 chipsets become available, handset vendors may not be willing to support them due to low quantities 10 000 Gl Co US ob al Co m m er cia US l m m Fir er st Re cial US sp Al l G ond ov er er nm en t 1 000 The BC 14 market may not be large enough to support i. Phones, i. Pads, Blackberries, etc. by itself If public safety cannot leverage commercial economies, device choices will be limited 8 8
Commercial 700 MHz Dynamics Historically, cell phones / standards made to support all bands, all licenses LTE spec splits up the various 700 MHz bands into Band Classes (BC), allowing carriers to support only their band class 700 MHz carriers have little incentive to support BC 14 in devices – all US commercial devices currently shipping without BC 14 today Without access to these economies of scale, options will be limited, prices will be higher and partnership opportunities will be limited 9
Early Band Class 14 Devices Initial devices are “niche” low production devices When they support commercial roaming, they only support one carrier’s 700 MHz LTE spectrum Initially, few BC 14 networks will exist and commercial roaming is critical Forces public safety to choose device/roaming partner combination, further limiting choices 10
Scale and Its Impacts Fixed Costs Per Device Potential Market (millions of devices) Cost Per Unit 10 000 100 US Cell Devices Global Cell Devices First. Net 1 Leveraging commercial scale can dramatically reduce device costs Some device (or device component) makers won’t even play unless the market is sufficiently large Number of Units Leveraging commercial innovation may be just as imperative (e. g. , indoor geolocation, powerful integrated processors, power consumption reductions, etc. ) 11
Leveraging Commercial Scale Opportunities Challenges Chipmaker working on flexible LTE chips to support multiple bands Priority, pre-emption, quality of service, etc. ensuring the public safety mission • Leverages scale and restricts “access” to only First. Net users (only First. Net chips can access Band Class 14) • Still requires device integration / support • Doesn’t address “custom” public safety devices Security Vulnerabilities? Commercial carrier partnership • Consumers use of Band Class 14 • Commercial scale/cost but introduces other potential challenges • In the old days, phones could be cloned easily • Recent fraud prevention = more secure commercial technologies • Virginia Tech identified LTE jamming vulnerabilities • Any vulnerabilities will have attention of global LTE market Applications no less secure (operate on commercial today) 12
Application Interoperability 13
Applications Provide Real Interoperability LTE delivers only 50% of the answer (but it is big!) Without interoperable applications, the packets are not understandable For Data, the network and the application must be interoperable • Wherever the users are on the Internet • Securely and with quality of service • Independent of who serves the application App Server A Network B App Server B e. NB A Base Station A Hello ? 你好 14
Application Interoperability Problem: Sharing information across apps and user groups: • Share presence with Vo. IP • Share video with mutual aid providers While delivering … • Qo. S • Ease of use • Low deployment cost • Network independence • Security • Reliability Imagine …. • Sending distress text to users on scene (by location) • Finding individual by specialty • Prioritizing video from a police officer in distress • Sharing airborne video with agencies from outside region 15
Network Independence LTE coverage will not be available everywhere • Commercial, satellite, Wi-Fi, and others need to play a part • Applications must be network agnostic Solution needs to be “mission critical” • Lost connectivity to “home” network can risk service availability • Failure scenarios must be considered in architecture • Careful of “trombone” traffic impacts Visiting User Video Source Visited WAN Visited Server Home WAN Home Server 16
Video: Killer App or Network and Interop Killer? Challenge Implication on Standards Training, usability Apps need to be simple to use Inter-agency video-fixed and mobile sources Ad hoc video platform Many video codec and signaling options Single signaling approach and codec suite Bandwidth sensitive Ability to scale rates, codec adaptation Congestion “Emergency” triggers, flexible platforms to manage priorities One to Many needs Incorporate multicast/broadcast into streams App needs to work for major events requiring mutual aid Need options to keep traffic local 17
Narrowband / Broadband Challenges § Broadband apps need broadband speeds Example of Pixilated Video Application Poor Speed Result Un-buffered Video (mp 4) Blockiness Buffered Video Delayed buffering and pauses Web Page Slow page load Email Attachments Delayed delivery File transfer Delayed delivery § Low speed apps (e. g. , CAD, text) supported on both networks, but may scale to broadband 18
Inter-Network Interoperability and Impact on Applications 19
Roaming: Fundamental to First. Net Goals Roaming areas • Beyond the State of Minnesota • Inside buildings • Others (international) Need original graphics so I can fix them. Roaming Options • Traditional, IP Exchange, (IPX) Based • Dual Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) • Dual Modem, MVPN Roaming Partners • Regional / State • National (First. Net-Commercial) 20
Traditional Roaming Single modem, single SIM Carrier A Single connection to IP Exchange (IPX) delivers multiple roaming carriers PSBN IPX Services • Transport (user and signaling) • Signaling (Qo. S, CDR, etc. ) • Clearinghouses Signaling Data User Data Carrier B Roaming Agreement Drop call, then establish new connection Device must support roaming carrier (freq. and technologies) 21
“Roaming” with Dual SIM Dual Standby Two SIMs, various configurations • Dual Standby (one radio) • Dual Active (two radios) No IPX / Roaming agreement required Useful for handheld solutions Modem PSBN SIM Car. A SIM • Limited space • Limited power Dual standby – user switches Dual active – two live connections PSBN Radio /Base band elements Carrier A Dual Active Modem PSBN SIM PSBN Radio A Carrier A • More expensive, more power hungry Car. A SIM Radio B Must be supported by device vendors 22
“Roaming” with Multi. Modem Routers Router PSBN Modem PSBN VPN Aggregation PC with MVPN Carrier Modem Carrier A Device Flexibility Mobile VPN Software manages connections • Multiple active modems • Standards based (e. g. , PC Express) slots • Can leverage external ports (e. g. , Ethernet, USB) Not feasible on handhelds • Lowest “cost” • Seamless transitions Often include Wi-Fi Standards based slots provide carrier flexibility Modems can be independently certified by each carrier 23
By Speed Wi-Fi BC 14 Cellular Narrowband (LMR) Mobile Satellite Note: Broadband speeds vary dramatically Types of Network Layers By Geographic Sc 24
Network Layers vs. Apps By Speed Wi-Fi BC 14 Cellular Narrowband (LMR) Mobile Satellite • • • CAD messaging, e. PCR, “lightweight” web sites based apps Location Limited HD Vi Video, GIS, Medium Fil Transfer, Limited OS Up graphics rich web sites HD Video, SD Video, GI File Transfer, OS Updat graphics rich web sites Possible Apps 25
Network Transition Challenges When moving in and out of coverage, devices must switch networks The time to transition to the network can be lengthy • LTE Inter. RAT Handover: <0. 3 s • LTE “Roaming”: 15 -20 s Video and Audio “calls” may be affected Other apps may “time out” during transitions Handover or MVPN with active network connections is required for good Qo. E (experience) 26
In Summary Public safety operations cannot tolerate failures Devices, applications, the NPSBN and inter-networking communications must be robust and reliable Applications and SOPs must consider network layering Time insensitive apps more easily serviced / Mission critical apps need TLC Video most challenging Intolerant to insufficient bandwidth Intolerant to transitional delays Bandwidth sensing apps are necessary (e. g. , Skype, Netflix) Vo. LTE also a challenge No handover with carriers expected (to LTE or 2 G/3 G) Delays problematic for phone calls 27
Questions? Rick Burke Managing Partner Televate, LLC rburke@televate. com (703) 639 -4201 28
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