Public Policy Foreign and Domestic Public Policy Domestic

Public Policy Foreign and Domestic

Public Policy � Domestic Policy • Actions designed to � How • National Agenda improve society within the United States � Foreign Policy • Actions designed to protect the Security of the United States or to promote our interests abroad Policy is made? �Enough people care about it • • Formulation Adoption Implementation Evaluation

Bureaucracy Impact on Policy � Rule Making • Agency proposes rules • Congress reviews for 60 days then rules go into effect � Iron Triangles • 3 way alliance • Congressional Committee, Agency and Interest Group work together to create policy � Issue Network • Groups of individuals who support a specific policy

Presidential Tools to Conduct Foreign Policy � Diplomacy • Negotiations and Discussion • Diplomacy is carried unilaterally, bilaterally or multilaterally � Foreign Aid • Assisting others to improve relations and achieve goals • Provide loans to stimulate the economy • Donate, sell or trade military supplies to impact the balance of power � Military Force • The threat or use of military force to achieve policy goals

Foreign Policy Departments and Agencies � State Department � • Secretary of State • Foreign Service-the right of legation is • Established by Congress in 1947 • Coordinate information gathering for the ability to send and receive diplomats and ambassadors • Passports � foreign affairs and national defense • Analyze and evaluate data • Brief President and National Security Advisor • Espionage Defense Department • 1. 4 million in the military and nearly 700, 000 civilians employees • Ensures civilian control of the military • Joint Chiefs � Chairman, Army Chief, Chief of Naval Operations, Commandant of Marine Corps and Air Force Chief of Staff C. I. A � Homeland Security Protect US against terrorism Border and Transportation Security Infrastructure Protection Emergency Preparedness and Response • Information Analysis • WMD defense • •

Security Alliances � NATO • North Atlantic Treaty Organization • Collective defense of Europe � RIO PACT • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance-1947 • U. S. , Canada and Latin America � ANZUS PACT • Passed in 1951 • U. S. , New Zealand Australia • Protection in the Pacific � JAPANESE PACT • Passed in 1951 • In return for protection, U. S. maintains military base in Japan

United Nations � � � Formed in 1945 Created “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war” UN Purpose • Maintain International Peace and security • Develop friendly relations • Promote cooperation and justice � � “Peace loving” states that accept the obligations of the UN charter may join New members are admitted by 2/3 vote in the General Assembly upon recommendation of the Security Council

General Assembly 1 vote per nation Meets once a year in September � Recommendations they make are not legally binding � � • Cannot take away sovereignty � Powers • Elect 10 non-permanent • • members to the Security Council Elect 54 members to the Economic and Social Council Elect members to the Trusteeship Council In conjunction with the Security Council elect the Secretary General and the 15 judges to the International Court of Justice Amend the UN charter

Security Council � 15 members � US, Great Britain, France, China and Russia are permanent members � 10 are chosen for 2 year terms � Meet in continuous session � Take up any matter dealing with a threat or breach of peace � Voting • Routine matters- 9 affirmative votes are needed • Substantive matters- 9 affirmative votes are needed, but 1 negative vote kills the resolution • Permanent members have veto power unless the abstain

UN Councils � Economic and Social Council • 54 members • 3 year terms • Carries out UN economic, cultural, educational, health and related activities � International Court of Justice • ICJ housed at Peace Palace in the Hague • 15 judges • 9 year terms � Secretariat • Civil Service Branch of UN • Headed by the Secretary General who serves a 5 year term

UN Specialized Agencies � � � � World Health Organization International Labor Organization World Bank International Fund for Agricultural Development Food and Agricultural Organization United Nations Industrial Development Organization International Monetary Fund � � � � International Maritime Organization International Telecommunications Union Universal Postal Union World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization International Civil Aviation Organization