PUBLIC HEALTH POLICY FRAMEWORK HISTORY LEGISLATION STRUCTURE GOVERNANCE

PUBLIC HEALTH: POLICY FRAMEWORK HISTORY LEGISLATION STRUCTURE GOVERNANCE MANDATE

WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH? alpha: What is Public Health? (watch from beginning to minute 2: 55)

WHAT IS PUBLIC HEALTH? (OPHS, 2018, p. 5)

POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS & SERVICES (OPHS, 2018, p. 7)

HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH https: //create. kahoot. it/share/public-health-in-canada-history/af 5673 d 4 -764 a-42 aa-8 b 98 -d 924 b 6 c 8 e 178 For more information about the history of public health in Canada and Ontario, check out the following: Association of Local Public Health Agencies. Milestones and History. https: //www. alphaweb. org/page/milestones Canadian Public Health Association (2010). This is Public Health: A Canadian History, Executive Summary. https: //www. cpha. ca/sites/default/files/assets/history/book/exec_summ_e. pdf

LEGISLATION SPECIFIC TO PUBLIC HEALTH Health Protection and Promotion Act Provides for the organization and delivery of public health and Regulations programs and services, prevention of the spread of disease, and promotion and protection of health of the people of Ontario Smoke-Free Ontario Act Regulates the sale, supply, use and promotion of tobacco, vape and other products as prescribed Cannabis Control Act Regulates the sale, distribution, purchase, possession, cultivation, propagation and harvesting of cannabis Immunization of School Pupils Act Sets out the immunization requirements for school students and children enrolled in daycares Child Care and Early Years Act Regulates the provision of childcare and the operation of child care and early years programs and services

LEGISLATION SPECIFIC TO PUBLIC HEALTH Healthy Menu Choices Act Sets out the requirements for displaying the number of calories for food items sold or offered for sale at regulated food service premises Fluoridation Act Regulates municipal decision-making with respect to establishing, maintaining and operating, or discontinuing a fluoridation system Mandatory Blood Testing Sets out the requirements for mandatory blood testing where victims of crime, emergency service workers and other eligible individuals are exposed to another person’s bodily fluids and are at risk of being infected with a disease Skin Cancer Prevention Act (Tanning Prohibits the sale or provision of tanning services or Beds) ultraviolet light treatments for tanning to an individual who is less than 18 years old Safe Drinking Water Act Sets out the requirements for testing, treatment and monitoring of drinking water systems

OTHER GOVERNING PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION Municipal Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act Personal Health Information Protection Act Occupational Health and Safety Act Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act Provides a right of access to information under the control of institutions and protects the privacy of individuals with respect to personal information about themselves held by institutions and provides individuals with a right of access to that information Establishes rules for the collection, use and disclosure of personal health information about individuals that protect the confidentiality of that information and the privacy of individuals with respect to that information Sets out duties for all workplace parties and rights for workers to protect workers from health and safety hazards on the job and establishes procedures for dealing with workplace hazards Establishes standards to improve accessibility across the province

OTHER GOVERNING PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION French Language Services Act Sets out the rights and obligations with respect to French language services from government and government agencies Municipal Act Specifies the manner in which municipalities interact with their local boards, including boards of health Municipal Conflict of Interest Act Specifies the duties of members of local boards, including boards of health, who may have any pecuniary interest, direct or indirect, in any matter before the board

FEDERAL STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE Canada Health Act – is focused on health care services and does not protect or address public health programs and services Health Canada https: //www. canada. ca/en/health-canada. html Mandate is to help Canadians maintain and improve their health Sets and administers national principles for the health care system through the Canada Health Act Delivers services to specific groups, such as First Nations and Inuit populations, and veterans Services & Information: consumer product safety, drugs and health products, environmental and workplace health, food and nutrition, health care system, health concerns, healthy living, health science and research

FEDERAL STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE Public Health Agency of Canada https: //www. canada. ca/en/public-health. html Mission is to promote and protect the health of Canadians through leadership, partnership, innovation and action in public health Linked to Health Canada through accountability to the federal minister of health Led by Chief Public Health Officer Guides the development of public health practice standards and national competencies for all public health professionals Services & Information: public health notices, infectious diseases, chronic diseases, travel health, food safety, immunization and vaccines, biosafety and biosecurity, emergency preparedness and response, injury prevention, health promotion, funding opportunities, surveillance, public health professional capacity

PROVINCIAL / TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE Provinces and territories develop legislation and regulations which outline responsibilities for front-line public health program and service delivery IN ONTARIO: Health Protection and Promotion Act, R. S. O. 1990, c. H. 7 Provincial Chief Medical Officer is responsible for the development of effective public health programs, and provides an annual report to the Speaker of the Legislature on the state of public health in Ontario Ministries that fund and govern public health include Ministry of Health; Ministry of Children, Community, and Social Services; Ministry of Long-Term Care; Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Ministry of Environment, Conservation and Parks Funding model changed in 2019 – programs and services are now funded 70% by the province and 30% by municipalities (only senior’s dental is 100% funded by the province)

PROVINCIAL / TERRITORIAL STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE Public Health Ontario https: //www. publichealthontario. ca/ Monitor, prepare for, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks and environmental incidents Provide evidence to address public health challenges Transform data into interactive tools and resources to monitor population health Build skills, capacity and competencies in Ontario’s health workforce to more effectively address public health issues Guide and support health professionals with evidence and case studies on topics like immunization, environmental and occupational health, health promotion, infection prevention and control, and potential health emergencies Conduct research to inform health policy, transform clinical and public health practice, and advance laboratory science

REGIONAL / MUNICIPAL STRUCTURE & GOVERNANCE Public health unit is an official health agency established by a group of urban and rural municipalities Municipalities provide funding for 30% for almost all public health programs and services Programs and services are governed by a Board of Health BOH composed of city and county elected officials, as well as provincial appointees Each health unit has a: Medical Officer of Health (some health units also have Associate Medical Officers of Health) Chief Nursing Officer Public health professionals at local health units include: nurses, inspectors, dietitians, dentists, dental hygienists, health promoters, epidemiologists, planners and evaluators, data analysts, managers and directors http: //www. health. gov. on. ca/en/common/system/services/phu/