Public Health Entomology Certificate MODULE 7 MEDIC AL

Public Health Entomology Certificate MODULE 7 MEDIC AL ENTO MOLO GY / PUBLIC HEALTH ENTOMOLOGY

Medical Entomology & Public Health Entomology

Medical Entomology / Public Health Entomology Medical entomology or public health entomology (PHE) focuses on those insects and arthropods that impact human health Previous sections highlighted many pests that have direct involvement with the transmission of diseases The role of pest management and vector is to manage these pests and not diagnose any medical conditions Many of the pests are medical related pests and can not be managed by pest control

Pest Management and the CDC The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ◦ CDC is one of the major operating components of the Department of Health and Human Services ◦ CDC works 24/7 to protect America from health, safety and security threats, both foreign and in the U. S. ◦ When customers wants specific information about a disease The CDC website is easy to navigate ◦ CDC. gov ◦ They can type whatever they need to know in the search bar

What kind of information is on the CDC website? Disease information Re-enforce conducive conditions contributing to pest problems

Disease Transmission cycles can be complicated!

Pest management’s role here in this example of West Nile Virus: 1. Identifying conducive conditions 2. Manage mosquitoes 3. Educate customers

Public Health Entomology KEY PESTS AND DISEASE/ HEALTH RELATED ISSUES

Public Health Entomology Module 2 Stinging Pests: Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants), Caterpillars, Dermestid Beetles, Centipedes/Millipedes and Blister Beetle 3 types of reactions* ◦ A “Normal” Reaction ◦ Sets off pain, swelling, and redness around the site ◦ A “Local” reaction ◦ Causes swelling that extends beyond the sting site ◦ A “Generalized” Allergic Reaction ◦ Pain, redness, mild to moderate swelling, itching ◦ Severe Allergic Reaction Photo ◦ Trouble breathing, hives, wheezing, swelling of the face , throat or tongue, rapid pulse *Source: https: //www. webmd. com/allergies/insect-stings

Public Health Entomology Module 3 Biting Pests: Bed bugs, Dangers from biting insects Kissing Bugs/Conenose bugs, ◦ Bites take place through the action of mouthparts Fleas and Psocids ◦ Bites may or may not carry venom ◦ Even without venom, bites may expose victim to ◦ Allergens ◦ Secondary infection ◦ Disease causing pathogens Bed bug bite Photo: Whitney Cranshaw, Colorado State University, Bugwood. org

Public Health Entomology Module 3 Biting Pests: Fleas Disease associated with fleas ◦ Plaque ◦ Flea-borne typhus ◦ Murine typhus ◦ Bartonella Image: CDC. gov

Public Health Entomology Module 4 Dipteran Pests: Mosquitoes, House Flies/Little House Flies, No See Ums and Midges Some flies inflict wounds from mouth parts or bites ◦ Bites take place through the action of mouthparts ◦ Some flies are “pool” feeders because they mop up the blood from the cuts to the host they inflict ◦ Some like mosquitoes have a proboscis they pierce then suck blood ◦ Bites may or may not carry venom ◦ Even without venom, bites may expose victim to ◦ Allergens ◦ Secondary infection ◦ Disease causing pathogens ◦ Myiasis ◦ The invasion of human tissue or organs by dipteran larvae ◦ Bot flies and warble flies ◦ US incidents are rare Myiasis Image: Natural-health. com

Public Health Entomology Module 4 Dipteran Pests: Mosquitoes Diseases vectored by Mosquitoes ◦ Malaria ◦ Zika ◦ Dengue ◦ Chikungunya ◦ Encephalitis* ◦ West Nile Virus ◦ Yellow Fever * St Louis, Eastern equine, La Crosse Image: CDC. gov

Public Health Entomology Module 5 Cockroaches Considered an allergen source and an asthma trigger for people Demonstrated to carry ◦ Salmonella typhimurium, Entamoeba histolytica ◦ Cockroaches produce a repulsive odor Photo: Angies. list. com

Public Health Entomology Module 6 Related Arthropods: Ticks Lyme disease Rocky mountain spotted fever Ehrlichiosis Tularemia Tick paralysis Image: CDC. gov

Public Health Entomology Module 6 Related Arthropods: Mites, Spiders, and Centipedes/Millipedes /Scorpions/ Nematodes Image: Unv. Of AZ Know what each pest does Bite or Sting or BOTH!

Medical Card https: //www. usgs. gov/media/files/medical-wallet-card-wildlife-professionals Working with wildlife may cause you to be exposed to a variety of disease agents Wallet card that wildlife professionals can carry with them to alert medical personnel about potential exposure to zoonotic diseases Contact information is provided for the Centers for Disease Control for the occurrence of zoonotic diseases in humans

Other Diseases? There are other diseases that maybe associated with animals or called zoonotic diseases such as COVID-19, Listeria (Bacteria) and more Don’t speculate how these occur or what animals are involved in the transmission cycle Always defer to the CDC for more information Image: Research. Gate

What is Delusional Parasitosis? Mystery Bites Know what can cause this ◦ A pest problem overlooked ◦ A previous pest infestation that has left the customer unable to shake the feeling that pests are still around ◦ Symptoms are real but they are being causes by something else ◦ Allergies, dry skin, environment irritants, etc. ◦ The pest problem is psychosomatic (delusional)

What is Delusional Parasitosis These Symptoms are real and may include ◦ Allergies ◦ Dry skin ◦ Diet deficiencies ◦ Environmental health ◦ Drugs or alcohol ◦ Side effects from medicines ◦ Disease ( high blood pressure, liver disease) Image: Psychology today

What is Delusional Parasitosis 1. Rule out pests 2. Do not treat unless you have verified a pest is present ◦ Use monitor boards 3 Avoid referring to skin irritations as bites 4. Check for pests such as rodents or birds who harbor mites 5 Keep an open mind 6 Do not imply the customer is delusional ◦ diagnoses should be left to medical professionals Image: Ohio state entomology

Further Study Information CDC website on all disease associated with Pest list provided Medical Entomology for Students – Service guide