Puberty Objectives Explain puberty and identify its signs
Puberty Objectives: Explain puberty and identify its signs. Ø Formulate and express opinions on the trends in puberty onset. Ø Define Puberty… Ø Define Adolescence… Ø
Puberty Ø Process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes an adult body capable of reproduction. Ø Adolescence is the period of psychological and social transition between childhood and adulthood.
Puberty Changes Ø What are some changes that a person experiences during puberty? Ø Which changes do both genders experience? Ø Which changes are physical? Which are social and emotional? Ø What are some myths about these changes?
Learning about Puberty Ø Where or from whom do we learn about puberty changes? Ø Where do misunderstandings about puberty change come from? Ø Who can we ask for correct information if we have questions or concerns?
Do males & females go through puberty at the same age? Ø Changes can happen at different times, beginning as early as 8 and continue until 18. Ø Girls usually experience puberty earlier than boys. (Girls: 8 -16, Boys: 10 -18) Ø Every person has a body clock right for them. You can’t choose when to start puberty or stop it.
Ø Gender l The state of being male or female Ø Sexuality l Capacity for sexual feelings
Ø Gender Identity Ø Gender Expression Ø Biological Sex Ø Sexual Orientation
Defining Gender Ø Gender Identity l How you, in your head, define your gender
Defining Gender Ø Gender Expression l The ways you present gender • • • Actions Dress Demeanor
Defining Gender Ø Biological Sex l The physical characteristic you’re born with and develop • • Gentalia Body shape Hormones Voice pitch
Defining Sexuality • Sexual Orientation
Ø For your category, answer… Ø Does our culture affect a person’s ________? Ø If yes, how? Ø If no, then what determines it?
Puberty Onset Ø Definition of onset varies. Usually it’s the first physical changes. Ø Affected by both genetic factors (accounting for 50% of variation in timing) and environmental factors (nutritional state and social factors)
Puberty Trends Ø Maximal adult height is usually achieved at an average of 14. 5 years for American girls and 17. 5 years for American boys. Ø Potential fertility usually occurs before growth completion by 1 -2 years in girls and 3 -4 years in boys. Ø Age of occurrence had dropped greatly since 1840’s.
Sexual Health REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
Reproductive Anatomy & Physiology Ø Objectives l l Identify the major organs of the male and female reproductive system Describe the primary function of the reproductive organs
Circumcision rates declining in U. S. , study says CBS News 2012 Ø Circumcision rate in newborns declined from 83% in 1960 s to 77% in 2010 –CDC Ø Over their lifetime, ½ of all uncircumcised males will contract a medical condition related to foreskin- Mayo Clinic
Sexual Health REPRODUCTIVE PROCESSES
Reproductive Processes Objectives: Ø l Explain the processes of sperm production, ovulation, and conception.
Menstrual Cycle Ø On average, a 28 day cycle Ø Menstruation occurs days 1 -5 Ø Ovulation occurs around day 14 Ø Lining of the uterus thickens with blood Ø Egg travels through fallopian tube and enters uterus Ø Egg dissolves if unfertilized and uterus sheds lining
Menstrual Cycle
Sperm Production Ø 70 days from germ cell to that found in sperm Ø Produced in testicles Ø Pass into epididymis over 2 -10 days and gain ability to move Ø 90% of semen is produced from prostate and seminal vesicles and not the testis
Sexual Intercourse Ø The union of the external sex organs Ø Its primary evolutionary purpose is the reproduction and continued survival of the human species Ø The erect penis is inserted into the vagina Ø Ejaculation then delivers semen from the penis into the vagina
Fertilization Ø How many sperm are ejaculated during each ejaculation? Ø How many eggs are usually released during a menstrual cycle? Ø How long do sperm “live” inside a woman’s body? Ø How long does an egg “live” inside a woman’s body?
Fertilization Ø Will pregnancy occur every time sexual intercourse occurs? Ø When does pregnancy occur? Ø What can happen when more than one egg is released?
Questions Answered Ø Ø How many sperm are ejaculated during each ejaculation? • Between 40 million to 600 million (avg. 250 million) sperm can be ejaculated during each ejaculation. Ø How many eggs are usually released during a menstrual cycle? • Usually one egg is released. How long does an egg “live” inside a woman’s body? • 12 -24 hours from the time of ovulation. Ø Ø Ø How long do sperm “live” inside a woman’s body once ejaculated? Ø • 3 to 5 days from the time of ejaculation. Ø
Questions Answered Will a pregnancy occur every time sexual intercourse occurs? Ø • No. Pregnancy only happens if sperm can fertilize an egg. Ø When does a pregnancy occur? • When a sperm fertilizes an egg and implants on the uterine wall. This can happen if intercourse takes place within the period of ovulation. Ø • Women are most likely to become pregnant if intercourse happens around the middle of the menstrual cycle. Each woman has a different length of menstrual cycle, so it is difficult to predict. Ø Ø
• If both eggs are fertilized, it means a woman may have fraternal twins.
• Identical twins happen when the fertilized egg splits into two before cells begin dividing.
Sexual Health PREGNANCY
Placenta- Barrier & Filter Ø Temporary organ formed in the uterus after egg attaches Ø Barrier between blood of mother and fetus Ø Transports nutrients and oxygen from mother to fetus (harmful substances too) Ø Transports waste and CO 2 from fetus to mother Ø Produces hormones for fetal development
Pregnancy Stages Ø 40 weeks Ø 9 months Ø 3 trimesters Ø Each 3 months Ø Baby may survive if born after 23 weeks but will require much medical assistance. Ø Baby has best change of being born healthy and surviving if born at full term.
Sexual Health CONTRACEPTION
Contraception Ø Objectives l l Identify a variety of contraceptive options and how they are used. Analyze factors that influence the choice, use, and effectiveness of contraception, including risk-reduction and risk-elimination strategies.
Contraception Ø Prevention of conception or pregnancy Ø Can prevent pregnancy by: l l l Stopping the woman’s body from releasing an egg Stopping the egg and sperm from joining Stopping a fertilized egg from attaching to the wall of the uterus
Methods of Contraception Ø Abstinence Ø Hormonal Methods Ø Barrier Methods Ø Spermicidal Methods Ø Intrauterine Devices Ø Other Options
Abstinence Ø Not having sexual intercourse Ø 100% effective in preventing pregnancy Ø Best protection against STDs
Hormonal Methods Ø Birth control pill l l Stops woman’s body from releasing an egg each month Taken daily Ø Emergency contraceptive pill l l High hormone dose stop egg release and joining with sperm or fertilized egg from attaching to uterus Used within 72 hours of unprotected sex
Barrier Methods Ø Male/ Female Condom l l l Physical barrier over penis or cervix Prevents sperm from entering vagina Offers protection against STDs Ø Diaphragm l l Round piece of latex attached to a rim held in place over the cervix With spermicide, prevents sperm from meeting egg
Spermicidal Methods Ø A chemical that kills sperm and prevents sperm from meeting egg Ø Can be found as a foam, gel, in a film or sponge
Intrauterine Devices (IUD) Ø T-shaped plastic and copper inserted into uterus Ø Slows or stops sperm movement Ø Makes egg travel faster
Other Methods Ø Natural Family Planning l Monitoring which days of the month a woman is fertile Ø Sterilization l l Tubal Ligation- female sterilization -fallopian tubes are blocked Vasectomy – male sterilization – cuts vas deferens so semen will not contain sperm Ø Withdrawal l Removing penis from vagina before ejaculation
Sexual Health STI/STD
STD/ STI Ø Caused by germs or organisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites Ø Need warm, dark, and moist area to live and grow. The genital area provides these conditions
STD / STI Ø Transmitted when direct contact allows STD germs of an infected person to be passed to the body openings of another person Ø Occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex Ø Not caused through casual social contact
STDs Ø Chlamydia Ø Syphilis Ø Gonorrhea Ø Pubic Lice Ø Herpes Ø Genital Warts Ø HIV / AIDS
Chlamydia Ø Cause: l bacteria Ø Symptoms l Females • Unusual vaginal discharge, irregular menstrual bleeding, discomfort during intercourse, lower abdominal pain, burning when urinating • 80% may not have obvious symptoms l Males • Milky watery discharge, burning when urinating, pain or swelling of testicles • 50% may not have symptoms
Chlamydia Ø Consequences l Infections • • l prostate gland testicles fallopian tubes ovaries Sterility- inability to have children Ø Treatment l l Cured with antibiotics Must also treat partners to avoid re-infection
Syphilis Ø Cause l bacteria Ø Symptoms l l 9 -90 days after - Chancre sore forms where germs entered 1 -6 months after – rash breaks out anywhere on body 2 -40 years after – germs invade and damage vital organs Disease is still active when no symptoms showing
Syphilis Ø Consequences l l l blindness paralysis deafness heart disease death Pregnancy complications- miscarriage, still birth, birth defects Ø Treatment l Curable with antibiotics regardless of stage
Gonorrhea Ø Cause l bacteria Ø Symptoms l Female • Yellowish vaginal discharge, abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain while urinating, rectal discharge from anal sex, sore throat from oral sex • 80% will notice symptoms l Male • Yellow/green discharge of pus from urethra, burning while urinating, rectal discharge from anal sex, sore throat from oral sex • 20% will have no symptoms
Gonorrhea Ø Consequences l Infections • • • l l fallopian tubes Ovaries testicles Sterility Can pass to baby’s eye and cause blindness Ø Treatment l Cured with antibiotics
Pubic Lice (Crabs) Ø Cause l Tiny gray or brownish insects live on or around body hair Ø Transmission l intimate skin to skin contact Ø Symptoms l l l Can be seen with naked eye Affected are becomes itchy because of bites Specs of blood may appear on underwear
Pubic Lice (Crabs) Ø Consequences l Nothing serious- just annoying and can be spread Ø Treatment l Medicated lotions or shampoos
Herpes Ø Cause l One of two viruses Ø Passed through direct physical contact with open sores Ø Symptoms l l l Tingling or burning in genital area Painful, fluid filled blisters appear in or around genitals and break forming open sores Outbreaks can recur and vary person to person
Herpes Ø Consequences l If there is an outbreak when mother is delivering baby Ø Treatment l l l No Cure Medication can relieve discomfort and reduce outbreaks Still contagious when there are no signs of outbreak
Genital Warts Ø Cause l Human Papilloma Virus Ø Passed through direct skin to skin sexual contact Ø Symptoms l l Warts on or around the genital area Can have HPV and not know it
Genital Warts Ø Complications l Ø HPV in women can result in cancer Treatment l l No Cure Treat warts • • • l Freeze warts Chemical or creams Use electric current Laser therapy Surgery May get rid of wart but virus may still be present
HIV / AIDS Ø Cause l Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the virus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Ø Transmission l Passed through exchange of • • Blood Semen Vaginal Discharge Breast Milk
HIV Ø Symptoms l l Initial infection- flu like symptoms Infected and Well- no symptoms but test positive Infected and Ill- weight loss, fatigue, fever, dry cough Infected and Diagnosed with Infection Ø Consequences l l HIV weakens the immune system by destroying certain immune system cells When the immune system becomes damaged beyond repair, infections will overwhelm the body and this final stage of infection is called AIDS
HIV Ø Treatment l l No Cure Variety of drugs available to improve health and life expectancy
Hepatitis B Ø Virus found in body fluids Ø Inflammation of the liver Ø Symptoms l l l Loss of appetite Nausea Vomiting Abdominal Pain Rashes
Hepatitis B Ø Complications l Liver problems Ø Treatment l l l No Cure 90% get well and develop immunity Chronic carriers may develop cirrhosis or cancer of liver
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